See involution on Wiktionary
{
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"ref": "1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter V, in Capricornia, page 74:",
"text": "[…]usually his attention was diverted from her feet by her shrieks of laughter and the astounding involutions of her huge brown-yellow frame.",
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},
{
"ref": "1968, Anthony Burgess, “Enderby Outside”, in The Complete Enderby, published 2002, page 302:",
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}
],
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{
"_dis1": "83 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 7",
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"roman": "obǎrkvane",
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},
{
"_dis1": "83 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 7",
"code": "zh",
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"sense": "entanglement; a spiralling inwards",
"word": "內卷"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 7",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "nèijuǎn",
"sense": "entanglement; a spiralling inwards",
"word": "内卷"
}
]
},
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{
"text": "1917, James Huneker, Unicorns, New York: Scribner, Chapter 11 “Style and Rhythm in English Prose,” p. 129,\nWalter Pater’s essay on Style is honeycombed with involutions and preciosity."
}
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"ref": "1996, Alfred J. Menezesm, Paul C. van Oorschot, Scott A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, page 10:",
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"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "對合"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "duìhé",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "对合"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involuutio"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "involution"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Involution"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sjálfhverfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sjálfhverf vörpun"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involuzione"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsuigō",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "対合"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "involucion"
},
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"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwolucja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 83 1 1 3 2 2 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involution"
}
]
},
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"_dis1": "2 2 6 75 4 3 3 3 2",
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"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 88 6 1",
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"_dis1": "1 1 3 1 1 1 5 86 2",
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"ipa": "/ɪnvəˈluːʃən/"
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"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Economics",
"en:Social sciences"
],
"glosses": [
"A cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition."
],
"links": [
[
"economics",
"economics"
],
[
"social science",
"social science"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"development",
"development"
],
[
"progress",
"progress"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(economics, social sciences, of a society or nation) A cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a society or nation"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"economics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"social-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English neologisms",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead."
],
"links": [
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
],
[
"limited",
"limited"
],
[
"resource",
"resource"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) A state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neologism",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Involution: the migration of a cell layer inward, sliding over an outer layer of cells. Involution occurs at gastrulation during embryogenesis."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnvəˈluːʃən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obǎrkvane",
"sense": "entanglement; a spiralling inwards",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "объркване"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "entanglement; a spiralling inwards",
"word": "內卷"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "nèijuǎn",
"sense": "entanglement; a spiralling inwards",
"word": "内卷"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "對合"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "duìhé",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "对合"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involuutio"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "involution"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Involution"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sjálfhverfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sjálfhverf vörpun"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involuzione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsuigō",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "対合"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "involucion"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "inwolucja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mathematics; an endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse",
"word": "involution"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "tuìhuà",
"sense": "shrinking of an organ to a former size",
"word": "退化"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shrinking of an organ to a former size",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Involution"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "degeneracija",
"sense": "regressive changes in the body occurring with old age",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дегенерация"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "regressive changes in the body occurring with old age",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Involution"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition",
"word": "內卷"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "nèijuǎn",
"sense": "a cessation of development or progress despite intense inner competition",
"word": "内卷"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead",
"word": "內卷"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "nèijuǎn",
"sense": "a state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead",
"word": "内卷"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Involution"
],
"word": "involution"
}
Download raw JSONL data for involution meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.