See hrussą on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hross"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hross, *hors\nOld English: hors\nMiddle English: hors, horse, horsse, horce, ors\nEnglish: horse; hoss (see there for further descendants)\nScots: horse, hors\nOld Frisian: hors, hars, hers, ros\nNorth Frisian: hors\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: rosje, rösje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nWest Frisian: hoars; rosje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nOld Saxon: hros, hross, hors\nMiddle Low German: ros, ors\n>? German Low German: Hüsi, Hiesi (children's word for horsey)\nOld Dutch: hors, ors, hers, ros\nMiddle Dutch: ors, hors, hers, ers, ros\nDutch: ros, hors (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: ros\n⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\n→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)\nOld High German: hros, ros\nMiddle High German: ros, ors\nAlemannic German: Ross\nBavarian: Ross\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Ross\nTransylvanian Saxon: Räuss\nGerman: Ross\n→ Vulgar Latin: *rossa (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hross, *hors\nOld English: hors\nMiddle English: hors, horse, horsse, horce, ors\nEnglish: horse; hoss (see there for further descendants)\nScots: horse, hors\nOld Frisian: hors, hars, hers, ros\nNorth Frisian: hors\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: rosje, rösje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nWest Frisian: hoars; rosje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nOld Saxon: hros, hross, hors\nMiddle Low German: ros, ors\n>? German Low German: Hüsi, Hiesi (children's word for horsey)\nOld Dutch: hors, ors, hers, ros\nMiddle Dutch: ors, hors, hers, ers, ros\nDutch: ros, hors (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: ros\n⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\n→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)\nOld High German: hros, ros\nMiddle High German: ros, ors\nAlemannic German: Ross\nBavarian: Ross\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Ross\nTransylvanian Saxon: Räuss\nGerman: Ross\n→ Vulgar Latin: *rossa (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hross"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hross, hors\nIcelandic: hross, hors\nFaroese: ross, hors\nNorn: russ\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: røss-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hors (“mare”)\nOld Swedish: hors\nSwedish: russ, hors (dialectal)\nDanish: hors (dialectal)\nGutnish: russ",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hross, hors\nIcelandic: hross, hors\nFaroese: ross, hors\nNorn: russ\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: røss-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hors (“mare”)\nOld Swedish: hors\nSwedish: russ, hors (dialectal)\nDanish: hors (dialectal)\nGutnish: russ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "rossi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: rossi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: rossi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*ḱr̥sós>vehicle",
"5": "der",
"6": "unc",
"7": "ira-pro>*(w)ŕ̥šā>virile man",
"id": "horse"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱr̥sós",
"lit": "runner",
"t": "vehicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”, literally “runner”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-",
"4": "",
"5": "to run"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*(w)ŕ̥šā",
"t": "male animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *(w)ŕ̥šā (“male animal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "уырс",
"t": "stallion"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian уырс (wyrs, “stallion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēosan",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēosan (“to fall”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "riosan",
"t": "to fall, plunge, rush"
},
"expansion": "Old High German riosan (“to fall, plunge, rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krùšti",
"t": "to trample"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krùšti (“to trample”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Theories include:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”, literally “runner”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”).\n* Borrowed from an Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *(w)ŕ̥šā (“male animal”). Compare Ossetian уырс (wyrs, “stallion”). (Favored by Orel.)\n* Less likely, derived from *hreusaną; compare Old English hrēosan (“to fall”), Old High German riosan (“to fall, plunge, rush”) and Lithuanian krùšti (“to trample”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrussą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"horse"
],
"id": "en-hrussą-gem-pro-noun-~WKGK23C",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ehwaz"
},
{
"word": "marhaz"
},
{
"word": "wigją"
},
{
"word": "hursą"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrus.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hrussą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hross"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hross, *hors\nOld English: hors\nMiddle English: hors, horse, horsse, horce, ors\nEnglish: horse; hoss (see there for further descendants)\nScots: horse, hors\nOld Frisian: hors, hars, hers, ros\nNorth Frisian: hors\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: rosje, rösje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nWest Frisian: hoars; rosje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nOld Saxon: hros, hross, hors\nMiddle Low German: ros, ors\n>? German Low German: Hüsi, Hiesi (children's word for horsey)\nOld Dutch: hors, ors, hers, ros\nMiddle Dutch: ors, hors, hers, ers, ros\nDutch: ros, hors (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: ros\n⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\n→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)\nOld High German: hros, ros\nMiddle High German: ros, ors\nAlemannic German: Ross\nBavarian: Ross\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Ross\nTransylvanian Saxon: Räuss\nGerman: Ross\n→ Vulgar Latin: *rossa (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hross, *hors\nOld English: hors\nMiddle English: hors, horse, horsse, horce, ors\nEnglish: horse; hoss (see there for further descendants)\nScots: horse, hors\nOld Frisian: hors, hars, hers, ros\nNorth Frisian: hors\n⇒ Saterland Frisian: rosje, rösje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nWest Frisian: hoars; rosje (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\nOld Saxon: hros, hross, hors\nMiddle Low German: ros, ors\n>? German Low German: Hüsi, Hiesi (children's word for horsey)\nOld Dutch: hors, ors, hers, ros\nMiddle Dutch: ors, hors, hers, ers, ros\nDutch: ros, hors (dialectal)\nAfrikaans: ros\n⇒ Dutch: rossen (“to groom (a horse)”, verb)\n→ West Frisian: rosse (verb)\nOld High German: hros, ros\nMiddle High German: ros, ors\nAlemannic German: Ross\nBavarian: Ross\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Ross\nTransylvanian Saxon: Räuss\nGerman: Ross\n→ Vulgar Latin: *rossa (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hross"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hross, hors\nIcelandic: hross, hors\nFaroese: ross, hors\nNorn: russ\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: røss-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hors (“mare”)\nOld Swedish: hors\nSwedish: russ, hors (dialectal)\nDanish: hors (dialectal)\nGutnish: russ",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hross, hors\nIcelandic: hross, hors\nFaroese: ross, hors\nNorn: russ\nNorwegian:\nNorwegian Bokmål: røss-\nNorwegian Nynorsk: hors (“mare”)\nOld Swedish: hors\nSwedish: russ, hors (dialectal)\nDanish: hors (dialectal)\nGutnish: russ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "rossi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: rossi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: rossi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "unc",
"4": "ine-pro>*ḱr̥sós>vehicle",
"5": "der",
"6": "unc",
"7": "ira-pro>*(w)ŕ̥šā>virile man",
"id": "horse"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱr̥sós",
"lit": "runner",
"t": "vehicle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”, literally “runner”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱers-",
"4": "",
"5": "to run"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*(w)ŕ̥šā",
"t": "male animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *(w)ŕ̥šā (“male animal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "уырс",
"t": "stallion"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian уырс (wyrs, “stallion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēosan",
"t": "to fall"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēosan (“to fall”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "riosan",
"t": "to fall, plunge, rush"
},
"expansion": "Old High German riosan (“to fall, plunge, rush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krùšti",
"t": "to trample"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krùšti (“to trample”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Theories include:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós (“vehicle”, literally “runner”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”).\n* Borrowed from an Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *(w)ŕ̥šā (“male animal”). Compare Ossetian уырс (wyrs, “stallion”). (Favored by Orel.)\n* Less likely, derived from *hreusaną; compare Old English hrēosan (“to fall”), Old High German riosan (“to fall, plunge, rush”) and Lithuanian krùšti (“to trample”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrussamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrussą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁wers-",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wers- (rise)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱers-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"horse"
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxrus.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ehwaz"
},
{
"word": "marhaz"
},
{
"word": "wigją"
},
{
"word": "hursą"
}
],
"word": "hrussą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hrussą meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.