See hrukkaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrokk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrock"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrock"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rok"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Rok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rôk",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rôk, rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rôk, rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rokk",
"3": "*rok"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rokk, *rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rokk, *rok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rok"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "hrocus",
"3": "roccus",
"4": "rocus",
"5": "rochus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "froc",
"3": "rochet",
"4": "roquet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: froc, rochet, roquet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: froc, rochet, roquet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "froc",
"3": "rochet"
},
"expansion": "French: froc, rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: froc, rochet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frock",
"3": "rochet",
"4": "rocket",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: frock, rochet, rocket",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ English: frock, rochet, rocket (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: frac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: frac"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: frak",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: frak (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Frack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Frack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Frack"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "frack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: frack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: frack"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frakke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: frakke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: frakke"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "frakki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: frakki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: frakki"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "roquete",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: roquete",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: roquete"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roquete",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roquete",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roquete"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocchetto",
"3": "roccetto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rocchetto, roccetto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rocchetto, roccetto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hroch",
"3": "hrok"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hroch, hrok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hroch, hrok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rock"
},
"expansion": "German: Rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rock"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrock"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hrock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*rukn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rukn-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rukkô",
"t": "spinning wheel, distaff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“spinning wheel, distaff”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "rucht",
"t": "tunic"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish rucht (“tunic”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhuwch",
"t": "bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle"
},
"expansion": "Welsh rhuwch (“bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreḱ-",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kresati",
"t": "to strike fire)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire)”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kroonen considers the term to be of unknown origin, and additionally considers the reconstruction *rukkaz to be incorrect, due to the existence of forms such as Old Frisian hrock, thus rejecting the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (“to spin”) and corollary connections with Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“spinning wheel, distaff”), Old Irish rucht (“tunic”), and Welsh rhuwch (“bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle”).\nAn alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”) (whence Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire)”) is semantically attractive, but phonetically problematic, as the expected Germanic form would be something like *hruhaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrukkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a robe; jacket; skirt; tunic"
],
"id": "en-hrukkaz-gem-pro-noun-KjOOTCVA",
"links": [
[
"robe",
"robe"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"skirt",
"skirt"
],
[
"tunic",
"tunic"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rukkaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxruk.kɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hrukkaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hrokk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrock"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: hrock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: hrock"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Rok"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Rok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rôk",
"3": "rok"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: rôk, rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: rôk, rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rokk",
"3": "*rok"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rokk, *rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rokk, *rok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: roc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: roc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rok"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rok"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "hrocus",
"3": "roccus",
"4": "rocus",
"5": "rochus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: hrocus, roccus, rocus, rochus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "froc",
"3": "rochet",
"4": "roquet",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: froc, rochet, roquet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: froc, rochet, roquet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "froc",
"3": "rochet"
},
"expansion": "French: froc, rochet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: froc, rochet"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frock",
"3": "rochet",
"4": "rocket",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: frock, rochet, rocket",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ English: frock, rochet, rocket (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frac",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: frac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: frac"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: frak",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: frak (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Frack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Frack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Frack"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "frack",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: frack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: frack"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frakke",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: frakke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: frakke"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "frakki",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Faroese: frakki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Faroese: frakki"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "roquete",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: roquete",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: roquete"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roquete",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: roquete",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: roquete"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocchetto",
"3": "roccetto",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rocchetto, roccetto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rocchetto, roccetto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hroch",
"3": "hrok"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hroch, hrok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hroch, hrok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rock"
},
"expansion": "German: Rock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Rock"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hrock"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hrock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*rukn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rukn-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rukkô",
"t": "spinning wheel, distaff"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“spinning wheel, distaff”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "rucht",
"t": "tunic"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish rucht (“tunic”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhuwch",
"t": "bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle"
},
"expansion": "Welsh rhuwch (“bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kreḱ-",
"t": "to weave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kresati",
"t": "to strike fire)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire)”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kroonen considers the term to be of unknown origin, and additionally considers the reconstruction *rukkaz to be incorrect, due to the existence of forms such as Old Frisian hrock, thus rejecting the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (“to spin”) and corollary connections with Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“spinning wheel, distaff”), Old Irish rucht (“tunic”), and Welsh rhuwch (“bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle”).\nAn alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”) (whence Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire)”) is semantically attractive, but phonetically problematic, as the expected Germanic form would be something like *hruhaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hrukkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrukkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"a robe; jacket; skirt; tunic"
],
"links": [
[
"robe",
"robe"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"skirt",
"skirt"
],
[
"tunic",
"tunic"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxruk.kɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rukkaz"
}
],
"word": "hrukkaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hrukkaz meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.