See hringaz on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hringaz meaning in All languages combined (11.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hringijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hringijǭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hringōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring; ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ)\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: ring\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring; ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ)\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: ring\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringo",
"3": "arringo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringa",
"3": "arringa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aringa, arringa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aringa, arringa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harangue"
},
"expansion": "French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "arengua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: arengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: arengua"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "harenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: harenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: harenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "arengum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "arengo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: arengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: arengo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "ringo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: ringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: ringo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "*hrengaz",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hrengaz)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas (< *hrengaz) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "*hrengaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas"
},
"expansion": "*rëngas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krǫgъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognates with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:circle",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:circle"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gMEBikyP",
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hringijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring",
"id": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kArg-"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kArg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kArk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krañkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, cough, croak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”). Cognate with Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sound, ring"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:sound",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) sound, ring"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hringijaną"
},
{
"word": "hringijǭ"
},
{
"word": "hringōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring; ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ)\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: ring\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring; ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ)\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: ring\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringo",
"3": "arringo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringa",
"3": "arringa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aringa, arringa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aringa, arringa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harangue"
},
"expansion": "French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "arengua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: arengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: arengua"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "harenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: harenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: harenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "arengum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "arengo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: arengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: arengo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "ringo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: ringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: ringo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "*hrengaz",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hrengaz)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas (< *hrengaz) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "*hrengaz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas"
},
"expansion": "*rëngas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krǫgъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ-, extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognates with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Jewelry",
"gem-pro:Shapes"
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:circle"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve"
],
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hringijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring",
"id": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kArg-"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kArg-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kArk-",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krañkti",
"3": "",
"4": "to caw, cough, croak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”). Cognate with Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Sound"
],
"glosses": [
"sound, ring"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) sound, ring"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.