See hringaz on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hringijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hringijǭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hringōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) — Wheatley Hill Finger Ring\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: rinc\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) — Wheatley Hill Finger Ring\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: rinc\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringo",
"3": "arringo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringa",
"3": "arringa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aringa, arringa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aringa, arringa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harangue"
},
"expansion": "French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "arengua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: arengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: arengua"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "harenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: harenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: harenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "arengum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "arengo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: arengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: arengo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "ringo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: ringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: ringo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hrengaz)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas (< *hrengaz) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krengʰ-",
"t": "ring, circle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“ring, circle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krǫgъ",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“ring, circle”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (“circle”). The root, which features both a plain stop and a voiced aspirate and thus violates traditional Proto-Indo-European phonotactics, was probably formed in the post-IE phase, and appears to be an extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:circle",
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:circle"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gMEBikyP",
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hringijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring",
"id": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krañkti",
"t": "to caw, cough, croak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Orel tentatively connects the word to the \"ring, circle\" of Etymology 1, i.e. \"the noise that clashing rings make\". Other theories derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”), and compare Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”). Alternatively, an intra-Germanic onomatopoeic formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sound, ring"
],
"id": "en-hringaz-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:sound",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) sound, ring"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hringijaną"
},
{
"word": "hringijǭ"
},
{
"word": "hringōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) — Wheatley Hill Finger Ring\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: rinc\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring, hrincg, hrinċġ, ring, ᚱᛁᚾᚷ (rinġ) — Wheatley Hill Finger Ring\nMiddle English: ryng, rynge, ring\nEnglish: ring\nScots: ring\nYola: ring\n→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)\nOld Frisian: hring\nNorth Frisian: Ring, Rink\nSaterland Frisian: Ring\nWest Frisian: ring\nOld Saxon: hring\nMiddle Low German: rinc, rink, ring\nGerman Low German: Ring\nLow German: rink\nPlautdietsch: Rinkj\nOld Dutch: rinc\nMiddle Dutch: rinc\nDutch: ring\nAfrikaans: ring\nNegerhollands: rink, riṅ\n→? Aukan: linga\n→ Indonesian: ring\n→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: rink\nOld High German: ring, hring\nMiddle High German: rinc, ring\nGerman: Ring\nLuxembourgish: Rank\nYiddish: רינג (ring)\n→ Old French: reng, renc, renk, renge, renke, rang, ranc (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old French: renge, range (“sword-belt”)\nMiddle French: renge\n→ Middle English: renge, raunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hringr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hringr\nIcelandic: hringur\nFaroese: ringur\nNorn: ring\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ring\nElfdalian: ringg\nOld Swedish: ringer\nSwedish: ring\nOld Danish: ring\nDanish: ring\nNorwegian Bokmål: ring\nGutnish: ringg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*hriggs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringo",
"3": "arringo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: aringo, arringo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "aringa",
"3": "arringa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: aringa, arringa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: aringa, arringa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "harangue"
},
"expansion": "French: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "harangue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: harangue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: harangue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "arengua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Occitan: arengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Occitan: arengua"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "arenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: arenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: arenga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "harenga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: harenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: harenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "arengum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: arengum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "arengo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: arengo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: arengo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "ringo"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: ringo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: ringo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rëngas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *hrengaz"
},
"expansion": "(< *hrengaz)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rëngas (< *hrengaz) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)krengʰ-",
"t": "ring, circle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“ring, circle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*krǫgъ",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *hrengaz (compare the Proto-Finnic loanword *rëngas), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“ring, circle”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krǫgъ (“circle”). The root, which features both a plain stop and a voiced aspirate and thus violates traditional Proto-Indo-European phonotactics, was probably formed in the post-IE phase, and appears to be an extended nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Jewelry",
"gem-pro:Shapes"
],
"glosses": [
"ring, circle"
],
"links": [
[
"ring",
"ring"
],
[
"circle",
"circle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:circle"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curve"
],
"links": [
[
"curve",
"curve"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hringijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hring",
"id": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hring\nOld English: hring\nMiddle English: *ring\nEnglish: ring"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)kreg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krañkti",
"t": "to caw, cough, croak"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeia"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Orel tentatively connects the word to the \"ring, circle\" of Etymology 1, i.e. \"the noise that clashing rings make\". Other theories derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreg-, *(s)kArg-, *(s)kArk- (“to caw, crow, croak, pipe, shout”), and compare Lithuanian krañkti (“to caw, cough, croak”). Alternatively, an intra-Germanic onomatopoeic formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hringaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hring",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hringą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hringō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hringamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hringaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Sound"
],
"glosses": [
"sound, ring"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) sound, ring"
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:sound"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxriŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "hringaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hringaz meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.