See haljō on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ihjäl",
"3": "helsike",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*koljoi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koljo",
"t": "giant"
},
"expansion": "Finnish koljo (“giant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"t": "evil spirit",
"tr": "kyl'"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt [script needed] (kyl', “evil spirit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt [script needed] (kyl', “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”)",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "hellewīte"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old Saxon",
"word": "helliwīti"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old High German",
"word": "hellawīzi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Icelandic",
"word": "helvíti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "helviti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvite"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "helvet"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite; Swedish",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite",
"word": "→ Finnish: helvetti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Danish",
"word": "helvede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
],
"id": "en-haljō-gem-pro-noun-KOY92aQp",
"links": [
[
"netherworld",
"netherworld"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "haljō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”)",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "hellewīte"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old Saxon",
"word": "helliwīti"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old High German",
"word": "hellawīzi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Icelandic",
"word": "helvíti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "helviti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvite"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "helvet"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite; Swedish",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite",
"word": "→ Finnish: helvetti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Danish",
"word": "helvede"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ihjäl",
"3": "helsike",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*koljoi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "koljo",
"t": "giant"
},
"expansion": "Finnish koljo (“giant”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"t": "evil spirit",
"tr": "kyl'"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt [script needed] (kyl', “evil spirit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt [script needed] (kyl', “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"Requests for native script for Udmurt terms"
],
"glosses": [
"the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
],
"links": [
[
"netherworld",
"netherworld"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "haljō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for haljō meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.