See haljō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for haljō meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell; hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell; hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ihjäl",
"3": "helsike",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*koljoi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *helaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”)",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "hellewīte"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old Saxon",
"word": "helliwīti"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old High German",
"word": "hellawīzi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Icelandic",
"word": "helvíti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "helviti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvite"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "helvet"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite; Swedish",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite",
"word": "→ Finnish: helvetti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Danish",
"word": "helvede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
],
"id": "en-haljō-gem-pro-noun-KOY92aQp",
"links": [
[
"netherworld",
"netherworld"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "haljō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”)",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "hellewīte"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old Saxon",
"word": "helliwīti"
},
{
"sense": "*haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”); Old High German",
"word": "hellawīzi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Icelandic",
"word": "helvíti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "helviti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvite"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Norwegian Nynorsk",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "helvet"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite; Swedish",
"word": "helvete"
},
{
"sense": "Old Swedish: hælvite",
"word": "→ Finnish: helvetti"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: helvíti; Danish",
"word": "helvede"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell; hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hallju\nOld English: hell, hel\nMiddle English: helle, hel, hell; hælle\nEnglish: hell, Hell\nScots: hell, Hell\nOld Frisian: helle, hille\nNorth Frisian: helle, hille, hel\nSaterland Frisian: Hälle\nWest Frisian: hel\nOld Saxon: hel, hellja, hellia\nMiddle Low German: helle\nGerman Low German: Helle, Hölle, Hell, Höll\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: Helle\nWestmünsterländisch: Helle f, Hell m\nPlautdietsch: Hal\nOld Dutch: hella\nMiddle Dutch: helle\nDutch: hel\nAfrikaans: hel\nLimburgish: hel\nOld High German: hellia, hella\nMiddle High German: helle\nAlemannic German: Hell\nCimbrian: hélla\nGerman: Helle, Hölle\nLuxembourgish: Häll\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Hell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ihjäl",
"3": "helsike",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Swedish: ihjäl, helsike"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 (halja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*koljoi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *koljoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover, hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *helaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"the netherworld, the underworld, hell"
],
"links": [
[
"netherworld",
"netherworld"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑl.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "haljō"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.