"haglaz" meaning in All languages combined

See haglaz on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”). Doublet of hail. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|gem-pro|*haglaz||hail}} Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”), {{doublet|en|hail}} Doublet of hail Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} haglaz (uncountable)
  1. The h rune symbol in esotericism, Germanic neopaganism and Germanic philology. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Runic letter names

Noun [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈxɑɣ.laz/
Etymology: Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-). Alternatively, *haglaz may be: * From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-). * Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”. Attested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags) Etymology templates: {{unk|gem-pro}} Unknown, {{cog|grc|κόχλαξ}} Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), {{m|grc|κάχληξ||pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)}} κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*kagʰl-|pebble}} Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”), {{glossary|substrate}} substrate, {{m|grc||-ακ-}} -ακ- (-ak-), {{m|gem-pro||*haglaz}} *haglaz, {{m|ine-pro||*ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m}} *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, {{m|gem-pro|*hehlǭ||hoarfrost}} *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), {{m+|ine-pro|*ḱelh₁-|*ḱel(h₁)-|cold}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), {{cog|sa|शिशिर|t=cool, cold; hoarfrost|tr=śíśira}} Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”), {{m|ine-pro||*ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-}} *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-, {{m|gem-pro|*hagōną|*hag(g)ōną|to torment, agonize}} *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), {{cog|fo|-}} Faroese Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], haglaz [nominative, singular], haglōz [nominative, plural], haglōs [nominative, plural], hagl [singular, vocative], haglōz [plural, vocative], haglōs [plural, vocative], haglą [accusative, singular], haglanz [accusative, plural], haglas [genitive, singular], haglis [genitive, singular], haglǫ̂ [genitive, plural], haglai [dative, singular], haglamaz [dative, plural], haglō [instrumental, singular], haglamiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. hail (the precipitation) Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-bxVR77vD
  2. (Runic alphabet) name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ) Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-65PcKlZI Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 36 64
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: haglastainaz (english: hailstone), haglōną Related terms: haglą

Download JSON data for haglaz meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haglaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hail"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hail"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of hail",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”). Doublet of hail.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "haglaz (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Runic letter names",
          "orig": "en:Runic letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The h rune symbol in esotericism, Germanic neopaganism and Germanic philology."
      ],
      "id": "en-haglaz-en-noun-VOe9B3hx",
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ],
        [
          "symbol",
          "symbol"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "haglaz"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "hailstone",
      "word": "haglastainaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "haglōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hagl"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hæġl"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale; haul, hawle, hawel; hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale; haul, hawle, hawel; hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "heil"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: heil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: heil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "Hail"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hail",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: Hail"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "heil"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: heil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: heil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "haglaz",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: haglaz (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: haglaz (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κόχλαξ"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάχληξ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)"
      },
      "expansion": "κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kagʰl-",
        "5": "pebble"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "substrate"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ακ-"
      },
      "expansion": "-ακ- (-ak-)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*haglaz"
      },
      "expansion": "*haglaz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hehlǭ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoarfrost"
      },
      "expansion": "*hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱelh₁-",
        "3": "*ḱel(h₁)-",
        "4": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शिशिर",
        "t": "cool, cold; hoarfrost",
        "tr": "śíśira"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hagōną",
        "3": "*hag(g)ōną",
        "4": "to torment, agonize"
      },
      "expansion": "*hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-). Alternatively, *haglaz may be:\n* From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-).\n* Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.\nAttested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hagl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "haglą"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hail (the precipitation)"
      ],
      "id": "en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-bxVR77vD",
      "links": [
        [
          "hail",
          "hail"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ)"
      ],
      "id": "en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-65PcKlZI",
      "links": [
        [
          "ᚺ",
          "ᚺ"
        ],
        [
          "ᚻ",
          "ᚻ"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Runic alphabet) name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑɣ.laz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "haglaz"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*haglaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hail"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hail"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of hail",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”). Doublet of hail.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "haglaz (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English doublets",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Runic letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The h rune symbol in esotericism, Germanic neopaganism and Germanic philology."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ],
        [
          "symbol",
          "symbol"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "haglaz"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
    "gem-pro:Ice",
    "gem-pro:Runic letter names",
    "gem-pro:Weather"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "hailstone",
      "word": "haglastainaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "haglōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hagl"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "hæġl"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale; haul, hawle, hawel; hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale; haul, hawle, hawel; hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "heil"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: heil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: heil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "stq",
            "2": "Hail"
          },
          "expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Hail",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Saterland Frisian: Hail"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "heil"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: heil",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: heil"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "hagal"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "haglaz",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: haglaz (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: haglaz (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κόχλαξ"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάχληξ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)"
      },
      "expansion": "κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kagʰl-",
        "5": "pebble"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "substrate"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ακ-"
      },
      "expansion": "-ακ- (-ak-)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*haglaz"
      },
      "expansion": "*haglaz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hehlǭ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoarfrost"
      },
      "expansion": "*hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱelh₁-",
        "3": "*ḱel(h₁)-",
        "4": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शिशिर",
        "t": "cool, cold; hoarfrost",
        "tr": "śíśira"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hagōną",
        "3": "*hag(g)ōną",
        "4": "to torment, agonize"
      },
      "expansion": "*hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-). Alternatively, *haglaz may be:\n* From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-).\n* Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.\nAttested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hagl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haglamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "haglą"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hail (the precipitation)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hail",
          "hail"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ᚺ",
          "ᚺ"
        ],
        [
          "ᚻ",
          "ᚻ"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Runic alphabet) name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑɣ.laz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "haglaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.