See haglaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "hailstone",
"word": "haglastainaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "haglōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hagl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hæġl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale, haul, hawle, hawel (< Old English hagol), hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil (chiefly early)\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale, haul, hawle, hawel (< Old English hagol), hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil (chiefly early)\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: heil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sylt: Hail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haglaz",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: haglaz (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: haglaz (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόχλαξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kagʰl-",
"5": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "substrate"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱelh₁-",
"3": "*ḱel(h₁)-",
"4": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिशिर",
"t": "cool, cold; hoarfrost",
"tr": "śíśira"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-). Alternatively, *haglaz may be:\n* From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-).\n* Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.\nAttested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haglaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hagl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "haglą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hail (the precipitation)"
],
"id": "en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-bxVR77vD",
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"name of the rune ᚺ,ᚻ (h)"
],
"id": "en-haglaz-gem-pro-noun-Kdu0Mp9E",
"links": [
[
"ᚺ",
"ᚺ#Translingual"
],
[
"ᚻ",
"ᚻ#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚺ,ᚻ (h)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑɣ.laz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "haglaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Ice",
"gem-pro:Runic letter names",
"gem-pro:Weather"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "hailstone",
"word": "haglastainaz"
},
{
"word": "haglōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hagl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hagl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hæġl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale, haul, hawle, hawel (< Old English hagol), hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil (chiefly early)\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hæġl, hæġel, hagal, hagol\nMiddle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale, haul, hawle, hawel (< Old English hagol), hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil (chiefly early)\nEnglish: hail\nScots: hail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: heil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sylt: Hail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hagal\nMiddle Low German: hagel\nGerman Low German: Hagel\nPlautdietsch: Hoagel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *hagal\nMiddle Dutch: hagel\nDutch: hagel\nAfrikaans: hael\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hagli\nNegerhollands: hagel\n→ Papiamentu: hagel\n→ Sranan Tongo: agra\n→ Caribbean Javanese: agrah\n→ Saramaccan: hága, ága\nLimburgish: hagel, haachel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hagal"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hagal\nMiddle High German: hagel\nGerman: Hagel\nLuxembourgish: Hol (obsolete)\nYiddish: האָגל (hogl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "haglaz",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: haglaz (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: haglaz (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόχλαξ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kagʰl-",
"5": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "substrate"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱelh₁-",
"3": "*ḱel(h₁)-",
"4": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिशिर",
"t": "cool, cold; hoarfrost",
"tr": "śíśira"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-). Alternatively, *haglaz may be:\n* From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-).\n* Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.\nAttested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haglaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hagl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "haglą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "haglō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haglamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "haglą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hail (the precipitation)"
],
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Runic letter names"
],
"glosses": [
"name of the rune ᚺ,ᚻ (h)"
],
"links": [
[
"ᚺ",
"ᚺ#Translingual"
],
[
"ᚻ",
"ᚻ#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚺ,ᚻ (h)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɑɣ.laz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "haglaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for haglaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.