"grazia" meaning in All languages combined

See grazia on Wiktionary

Noun [Corsican]

Forms: grazie [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Italian grazia, French grâce, Sicilian grazzia, Spanish gracia. Etymology templates: {{bor|co|la|grātia|t=favour; goodwill; charm}} Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”), {{cog|it|grazia}} Italian grazia, {{cog|fr|grâce}} French grâce, {{cog|scn|grazzia}} Sicilian grazzia, {{cog|es|gracia}} Spanish gracia Head templates: {{head|co|nouns|plural|grazie|g=f|g2=|head=grazia|sort=}} grazia f (plural grazie), {{co-noun|grazi|f|a|e}} grazia f (plural grazie)
  1. grace Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-co-noun-4BD9HOGs
  2. chance, luck Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-co-noun-CBREnw9q Categories (other): Corsican entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Corsican entries with incorrect language header: 38 47 16
  3. thanks, thankfulness Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-co-noun-DA7XiY1u

Noun [Italian]

IPA: /ˈɡrat.t͡sja/ Forms: grazie [plural]
Rhymes: -attsja Etymology: Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|it|la|grātia|t=favour/favor; goodwill; charm}} Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”) Head templates: {{it-noun|f}} grazia f (plural grazie)
  1. grace Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-noun-4BD9HOGs
  2. (law) pardon Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Law
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-noun-WCSrOO9M Topics: law
  3. favour/favor, kindness Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-noun-nm2mEgFL
  4. (usually in the plural) serif Tags: feminine, plural-normally
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-noun-x~4Rgo6p
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: grazie
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Italian]

IPA: /ˈɡrat.t͡sja/
Rhymes: -attsja Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|it|verb form}} grazia
  1. inflection of graziare:
    third-person singular present indicative
    Tags: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Form of: graziare
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-verb-JmY-PFBY Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 5 8 4 5 5 4 1 52 6 5 5 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 6 3 3 3 3 1 66 5 3 3 Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 6 4 3 1 73 13
  2. inflection of graziare:
    second-person singular imperative
    Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: graziare
    Sense id: en-grazia-it-verb-r9hSwKMr
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Ladin]

Forms: grazies [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Spanish gracia, French grâce and Italian grazia. Etymology templates: {{bor|lld|la|grātia|t=favour; goodwill; charm}} Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”), {{cog|es|gracia}} Spanish gracia, {{cog|fr|grâce}} French grâce, {{cog|it|grazia}} Italian grazia Head templates: {{head|lld|noun|||plural|grazies|||||f2request=1|g=f|g2=}} grazia f (plural grazies), {{lld-noun|f|grazies}} grazia f (plural grazies)
  1. grace Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-lld-noun-4BD9HOGs Categories (other): Ladin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ladin entries with incorrect language header: 63 37
  2. pardon Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-grazia-lld-noun-WCSrOO9M

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "co",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "grazia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian grazia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grâce"
      },
      "expansion": "French grâce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "grazzia"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian grazzia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "gracia"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish gracia",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Italian grazia, French grâce, Sicilian grazzia, Spanish gracia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "co",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "grazie",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "grazia",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grazi",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "e"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "co-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Corsican",
  "lang_code": "co",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-co-noun-4BD9HOGs",
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 47 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Corsican entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chance, luck"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-co-noun-CBREnw9q",
      "links": [
        [
          "chance",
          "chance"
        ],
        [
          "luck",
          "luck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "thanks, thankfulness"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-co-noun-DA7XiY1u",
      "links": [
        [
          "thanks",
          "thanks"
        ],
        [
          "thankfulness",
          "thankfulness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grazie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour/favor; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grà‧zia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-noun-4BD9HOGs",
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "it:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pardon"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-noun-WCSrOO9M",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "pardon",
          "pardon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) pardon"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "favour/favor, kindness"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-noun-nm2mEgFL",
      "links": [
        [
          "favour",
          "favour"
        ],
        [
          "favor",
          "favor"
        ],
        [
          "kindness",
          "kindness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "serif"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-noun-x~4Rgo6p",
      "links": [
        [
          "serif",
          "serif"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually in the plural) serif"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural-normally"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡrat.t͡sja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-attsja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grà‧zia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 8 4 5 5 4 1 52 6 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 6 3 3 3 3 1 66 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 4 3 1 73 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "graziare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of graziare:",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-verb-JmY-PFBY",
      "links": [
        [
          "graziare",
          "graziare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "graziare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of graziare:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-it-verb-r9hSwKMr",
      "links": [
        [
          "graziare",
          "graziare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡrat.t͡sja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-attsja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "gracia"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish gracia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grâce"
      },
      "expansion": "French grâce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "grazia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian grazia",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Spanish gracia, French grâce and Italian grazia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "grazies",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazies)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "grazies"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazies)",
      "name": "lld-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ladin",
  "lang_code": "lld",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "63 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-lld-noun-4BD9HOGs",
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pardon"
      ],
      "id": "en-grazia-lld-noun-WCSrOO9M",
      "links": [
        [
          "pardon",
          "pardon"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Corsican entries with incorrect language header",
    "Corsican feminine nouns",
    "Corsican lemmas",
    "Corsican nouns",
    "Corsican terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Corsican terms derived from Latin",
    "Corsican terms with redundant head parameter",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "co",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "grazia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian grazia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grâce"
      },
      "expansion": "French grâce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "grazzia"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian grazzia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "gracia"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish gracia",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Italian grazia, French grâce, Sicilian grazzia, Spanish gracia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "co",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "grazie",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "grazia",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grazi",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "a",
        "4": "e"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "co-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Corsican",
  "lang_code": "co",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chance, luck"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chance",
          "chance"
        ],
        [
          "luck",
          "luck"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "thanks, thankfulness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thanks",
          "thanks"
        ],
        [
          "thankfulness",
          "thankfulness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 2-syllable words",
    "Italian countable nouns",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian feminine nouns",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/attsja",
    "Rhymes:Italian/attsja/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "grazie"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour/favor; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour/favor; goodwill; charm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazie)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grà‧zia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "it:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pardon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "pardon",
          "pardon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(law) pardon"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "favour/favor, kindness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "favour",
          "favour"
        ],
        [
          "favor",
          "favor"
        ],
        [
          "kindness",
          "kindness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "serif"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "serif",
          "serif"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually in the plural) serif"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural-normally"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡrat.t͡sja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-attsja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 2-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/attsja",
    "Rhymes:Italian/attsja/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grà‧zia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "graziare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of graziare:",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "graziare",
          "graziare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "graziare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of graziare:",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "graziare",
          "graziare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡrat.t͡sja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-attsja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ladin feminine nouns",
    "Ladin lemmas",
    "Ladin nouns",
    "Ladin terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Ladin terms derived from Latin",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "grātia",
        "t": "favour; goodwill; charm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "gracia"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish gracia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "grâce"
      },
      "expansion": "French grâce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "grazia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian grazia",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin grātia (“favour; goodwill; charm”). Cognates include Spanish gracia, French grâce and Italian grazia.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grazies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lld",
        "10": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plural",
        "6": "grazies",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "f2request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": ""
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazies)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "grazies"
      },
      "expansion": "grazia f (plural grazies)",
      "name": "lld-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ladin",
  "lang_code": "lld",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "grace"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grace",
          "grace"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pardon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pardon",
          "pardon"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "grazia"
}

Download raw JSONL data for grazia meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.