See garw on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "roughness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garwedd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rough",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gerwin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh garw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*garwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *garwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "garow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish garow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Irish garbh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horreō"
},
"expansion": "Latin horreō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀",
"t": "ruffling one's feathers"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हर्षते",
"3": "",
"4": "it bristles"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “it bristles”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh garw, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Cornish garow, Irish garbh), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”) (compare Latin horreō, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “it bristles”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "garw",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "garw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "arw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngarw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "garwon"
},
"expansion": "garw (feminine singular garw, plural garwon, equative garwed, comparative garwach, superlative garwaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough, bumpy"
],
"id": "en-garw-cy-adj-CbQKO47R",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"bumpy",
"bumpy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crude, rough, unrefined"
],
"id": "en-garw-cy-adj-IFB-vAwR",
"links": [
[
"crude",
"crude"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡarʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡa(ː)ru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-arʊ"
}
],
"word": "garw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "carw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "garw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngharw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "charw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "garw",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 3 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "deer",
"word": "carw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of carw (“deer”)."
],
"id": "en-garw-cy-noun-S~uC~iAh",
"links": [
[
"carw",
"carw#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡarʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡa(ː)ru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-arʊ"
}
],
"word": "garw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/arʊ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/arʊ/2 syllables",
"Welsh adjectives",
"Welsh adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "roughness",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garwedd"
},
{
"english": "rough",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gerwin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh garw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*garwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *garwos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "garow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish garow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Irish garbh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horreō"
},
"expansion": "Latin horreō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀",
"t": "ruffling one's feathers"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हर्षते",
"3": "",
"4": "it bristles"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “it bristles”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh garw, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Cornish garow, Irish garbh), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”) (compare Latin horreō, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “it bristles”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "garw",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwon",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwed",
"tags": [
"equative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwach",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwaf",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "garw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "arw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngarw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ach",
"pl": "garwon"
},
"expansion": "garw (feminine singular garw, plural garwon, equative garwed, comparative garwach, superlative garwaf)",
"name": "cy-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough, bumpy"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"bumpy",
"bumpy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crude, rough, unrefined"
],
"links": [
[
"crude",
"crude"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡarʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡa(ː)ru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-arʊ"
}
],
"word": "garw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/arʊ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/arʊ/2 syllables",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "carw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "garw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngharw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "charw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "garw",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "carw"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "deer",
"word": "carw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of carw (“deer”)."
],
"links": [
[
"carw",
"carw#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡarʊ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡa(ː)ru/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-arʊ"
}
],
"word": "garw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for garw meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: garw/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"garw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "garw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.