See gaišs on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "tumšs"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaišmatains"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaišmatis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaišmate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaišums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰēy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaidrùs",
"3": "",
"4": "light, bright, clear"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "gaylis",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian gaylis (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαιός",
"3": "",
"4": "gray, dark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “gray, dark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the yo-stem variant of an earlier u-stem form *gaisus (a parallel o-stem variant yielded Latvian dialectal adjective gaiss), from Proto-Baltic *gais- (some researchers suggest *gaid-, i.e. *gaid-sus), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-, *gʷʰəy- (“bright, shining”) with an extra -s. Cognates include Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”), Old Prussian gaylis (“white”), Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “gray, dark”) (< *gʷʰəywos or *gʷʰəysos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaišais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visgaišākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiši",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visgaišākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "gaiši",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "gaišais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "gaišāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "gaišs (definite gaišais, comparative gaišāks, superlative visgaišākais, adverb gaiši)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gaiš"
},
"expansion": "gaišs (definite gaišais, comparative gaišāks, superlative visgaišākais, adverb gaiši)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gaiš",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaisma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gaiss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright (light) bulb",
"text": "gaiša spuldze",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright flame, fire",
"text": "gaiša liesma, uguns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright flash of lightning",
"text": "gaišs zibens uzliesmojums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (camp)fire",
"text": "gaišs ugunskurs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "behind the old, hooked apple trees shone the bright moonlight",
"text": "aiz vecām, līkām ābelēm spīdēja gaiša mēnesnīca",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (strong; such that it produces strong light)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-e5sw8PY5",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"produce",
"produce#English"
],
[
"light",
"light#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "light sources",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of lights, light sources) bright (strong; such that it produces strong light)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of lights"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright, well lit room",
"text": "gaiša istaba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, well lit street",
"text": "gaiša iela",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "today is bright (= well lit)",
"text": "šodien ir gaišs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the morning it already becomes bright",
"text": "no rīta jau kļūst gaišs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the day was bright and golden like a grain of amber",
"text": "diena bija gaiša un zeltaina kā dzintara grauds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the sky became brighter and brighter; the night was over",
"text": "debesis kļuva aizvien gaišākas un gaišākas; nakts bija pagājusi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light, bright, well lit"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-Qk1ha4Gl",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"well",
"well"
],
[
"lit",
"light"
]
],
"qualifier": "time periods",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of places, time periods) light, bright, well lit"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of places"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 0 28 5 0 6 15 11 18 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 9 2 18 12 9 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 0 38 4 0 5 19 6 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 37 2 0 2 18 9 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright dress",
"text": "gaišs tērps",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light (not dark) fabric",
"text": "gaiša drāna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light collar",
"text": "gaiša apkaklīte",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light, bright flowers",
"text": "gaiši ziedi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light, fair hair",
"text": "gaiši mati",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light mustache (i.e., fair-haired)",
"text": "gaišas ūsas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light blue",
"text": "gaiši zils",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he has an open face and light, almost faded, eyebrows",
"text": "viņam ir atklāta seja un gaišas, it kā izbalējušs uzacis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "always remember that light tones make the room look bigger, (while) dark ones (= tones, colors) make it small",
"text": "vienmēr atceries, ka gaišie toņi telpu it kā palielina, tumšie pamazina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-A-lPrLth",
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"white",
"white#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"admixture",
"admixture#English"
],
[
"without",
"without#English"
],
[
"dark",
"dark#English"
],
[
"tone",
"tone#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their colors",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of objects, their colors) light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of objects"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "light beer",
"text": "gaišais alus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the tea is still so light",
"text": "tēja ir vēl gan tāda gaiša",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light (relatively clear, transparent; not saturated, concentrated)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-OgvXZfr9",
"links": [
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"relatively",
"relatively#English"
],
[
"clear",
"clear#English"
],
[
"transparent",
"transparent#English"
],
[
"saturated",
"saturated#English"
],
[
"concentrate",
"concentrate#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "drinks",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of liquids, drinks) light (relatively clear, transparent; not saturated, concentrated)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of liquids"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "loud and clear (lit. clear and bright)",
"text": "skaidri un gaiši",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the entire Latvian folk art, especially the songs and tales, give clear testimony of the working people's optimistic view of life",
"text": "visa latviešu tautas daiļrade, it sevišķi dziesmas un pasakas, dod gaišu liecību par darbaļaužu optimistisko dzīves skatījumi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear, obvious, unambiguous"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-XkvMoqlG",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"unambiguous",
"unambiguous"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 42 58 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "of \"clear\"",
"word": "dzidrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 42 58 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "of \"clear\"",
"word": "skaidrs"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 9 2 18 12 9 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright mind",
"text": "gaišs prāts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, smart head (= intelligent person)",
"text": "gaiša, gudra galva",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Verns firmly believes in the victory of man's bright spirit, in the power of science",
"text": "Verns nešaubīgi tic cilvēka gaišā gara uzvarai, zinātnes spēkam",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Ieva sees this boy every day, he is intelligent and developed, and because of (his) bright mind one could perhaps forgive half of his misdeeds",
"text": "Ieva diendienā redz šo zēnu, tas ir gudrs un attīstīts, un gaišā prāta dēļ tam droši varētu piedot kaut pusi viņa nedarbu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (smart, intelligent, advanced; educated; morally, ethically evolved)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-7W56tkJn",
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"smart",
"smart#English"
],
[
"intelligent",
"intelligent#English"
],
[
"advanced",
"advanced#English"
],
[
"educated",
"educated#English"
],
[
"moral",
"moral#English"
],
[
"ethical",
"ethical#English"
],
[
"evolved",
"evolved#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 9 2 18 12 9 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she is such a bright, always happy child",
"text": "viņa ir tāds gaišs, allaž priecīgs bērns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "before his eyes (there) stood an image of Zenta, young, bright, happy",
"text": "viņa acu priekšā stāvēja Zentas tēls, jauns, gaišs, priecīgs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the pain made Mary lighter and calmer",
"text": "Mariju sāpes padarījušas gaišāku un mierīgāku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright, light (mentally balanced; good-natured, well-disposed; also, happy)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-xMIaVLdg",
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"mentally",
"mentally#English"
],
[
"balanced",
"balanced#English"
],
[
"good-natured",
"good-natured#English"
],
[
"well-disposed",
"well-disposed#English"
],
[
"happy",
"happy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright hopes, expectations",
"text": "gaišas cerības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright dreams",
"text": "gaiši sapņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, light happiness",
"text": "gaiša laime",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, happy memories",
"text": "gaišas atmiņas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright look",
"text": "gaišs skatiens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright smile",
"text": "gaišs smaids",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, happy talk",
"text": "gaiša runa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "my father had a bright disposition, he never quarreled or complained",
"text": "mans tēvs bija gaiša rakstura, nekad nerājās, nesūdzējās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the mother lay down and thought... the night is dark, but (her) thoughts are light: thoughts about (her) son",
"text": "māte guļ un domā... nakts ir tumša, bet domas gaišas: domas par dēlu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they (have) bright, happy faces; and how freely they laugh!",
"text": "tiem gaišas un priecīgas sejas; un cik bezbēdīgi tie smejas!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the talks were bright (= optimistic, promising), life (was) happy, and one could notice in them a strong belief in victory",
"text": "sarunas bija gaišas, dzīves priecīgas, un tajās varēja manīt stipru ticību uzvarai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (good, optimistic, happy; expressing such feelings)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-9XUAZTWv",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
],
[
"optimistic",
"optimistic#English"
],
[
"happy",
"happy#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) bright (good, optimistic, happy; expressing such feelings)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 1 19 11 1 13 10 15 20 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 9 2 18 12 9 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a country with a bright future",
"text": "gaišas nākotnes valsts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "belief in a bright tomorrow",
"text": "ticība gaišai rītdienai",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a bright (= happy) childhood",
"text": "gaiša bērnība",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (= happy) moments",
"text": "gaiši brīži",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "many of my former colleagues have a bright (= happy) old age",
"text": "gaišas vecumdienas ir arī maniem agrākiem darba biedriem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright, noble, free (with good perspectives; causing happiness)"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-4EQawVwD",
"links": [
[
"social",
"social#English"
],
[
"phenomena",
"phenomena#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"period",
"period#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
],
[
"perspective",
"perspective#English"
],
[
"causing",
"cause#English"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "time periods",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of social phenomena, time periods) bright, noble, free (with good perspectives; causing happiness)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of social phenomena"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 2 11 9 2 18 12 9 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright (= high-pitched) violin sounds",
"text": "gaišas vijoļu skaņas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (= sonorous) bell",
"text": "gaišs zvans",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "one stroke was heavy and hollow, the second was light, bright",
"text": "viens cirtiens bija smagāks un dobjāks, otrs bija viegls, gaišs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"high, high-pitched; sonorous, pure"
],
"id": "en-gaišs-lv-adj-RNVb4VLi",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#English"
],
[
"musical",
"musical#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"high-pitched",
"high-pitched"
],
[
"sonorous",
"sonorous"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
],
"qualifier": "musical instruments",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sounds, musical instruments) high, high-pitched; sonorous, pure"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡàjʃ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 21 17 12 0 7 17 7 7 0",
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spīdīgs"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 21 17 12 0 7 17 7 7 0",
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spilgts"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 21 17 12 0 7 17 7 7 0",
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spodrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 21 17 12 0 7 17 7 7 0",
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spožs"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 21 17 12 0 7 17 7 7 0",
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spulgs"
}
],
"word": "gaišs"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "tumšs"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gaišmatains"
},
{
"word": "gaišmatis"
},
{
"word": "gaišmate"
},
{
"word": "gaišums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latvian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷʰēy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaidrùs",
"3": "",
"4": "light, bright, clear"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "gaylis",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian gaylis (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαιός",
"3": "",
"4": "gray, dark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “gray, dark”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally the yo-stem variant of an earlier u-stem form *gaisus (a parallel o-stem variant yielded Latvian dialectal adjective gaiss), from Proto-Baltic *gais- (some researchers suggest *gaid-, i.e. *gaid-sus), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰēy-, *gʷʰəy- (“bright, shining”) with an extra -s. Cognates include Lithuanian gaidrùs (“light, bright, clear”), Old Prussian gaylis (“white”), Ancient Greek φαιός (phaiós, “gray, dark”) (< *gʷʰəywos or *gʷʰəysos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaišais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visgaišākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiši",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaiša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gaišās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visgaišākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "gaiši",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "gaišais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "gaišāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "gaišs (definite gaišais, comparative gaišāks, superlative visgaišākais, adverb gaiši)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gaiš"
},
"expansion": "gaišs (definite gaišais, comparative gaišāks, superlative visgaišākais, adverb gaiši)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gaiš",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "gaisma"
},
{
"word": "gaiss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright (light) bulb",
"text": "gaiša spuldze",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright flame, fire",
"text": "gaiša liesma, uguns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright flash of lightning",
"text": "gaišs zibens uzliesmojums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (camp)fire",
"text": "gaišs ugunskurs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "behind the old, hooked apple trees shone the bright moonlight",
"text": "aiz vecām, līkām ābelēm spīdēja gaiša mēnesnīca",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (strong; such that it produces strong light)"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"produce",
"produce#English"
],
[
"light",
"light#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "light sources",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of lights, light sources) bright (strong; such that it produces strong light)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of lights"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright, well lit room",
"text": "gaiša istaba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, well lit street",
"text": "gaiša iela",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "today is bright (= well lit)",
"text": "šodien ir gaišs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the morning it already becomes bright",
"text": "no rīta jau kļūst gaišs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the day was bright and golden like a grain of amber",
"text": "diena bija gaiša un zeltaina kā dzintara grauds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the sky became brighter and brighter; the night was over",
"text": "debesis kļuva aizvien gaišākas un gaišākas; nakts bija pagājusi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light, bright, well lit"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"well",
"well"
],
[
"lit",
"light"
]
],
"qualifier": "time periods",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of places, time periods) light, bright, well lit"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of places"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright dress",
"text": "gaišs tērps",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light (not dark) fabric",
"text": "gaiša drāna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light collar",
"text": "gaiša apkaklīte",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light, bright flowers",
"text": "gaiši ziedi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light, fair hair",
"text": "gaiši mati",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light mustache (i.e., fair-haired)",
"text": "gaišas ūsas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "light blue",
"text": "gaiši zils",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he has an open face and light, almost faded, eyebrows",
"text": "viņam ir atklāta seja un gaišas, it kā izbalējušs uzacis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "always remember that light tones make the room look bigger, (while) dark ones (= tones, colors) make it small",
"text": "vienmēr atceries, ka gaišie toņi telpu it kā palielina, tumšie pamazina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)"
],
"links": [
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"white",
"white#English"
],
[
"large",
"large#English"
],
[
"admixture",
"admixture#English"
],
[
"without",
"without#English"
],
[
"dark",
"dark#English"
],
[
"tone",
"tone#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their colors",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of objects, their colors) light, bright (white or with a large white admixture; without dark tones)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of objects"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "light beer",
"text": "gaišais alus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the tea is still so light",
"text": "tēja ir vēl gan tāda gaiša",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light (relatively clear, transparent; not saturated, concentrated)"
],
"links": [
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"drink",
"drink"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"relatively",
"relatively#English"
],
[
"clear",
"clear#English"
],
[
"transparent",
"transparent#English"
],
[
"saturated",
"saturated#English"
],
[
"concentrate",
"concentrate#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "drinks",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of liquids, drinks) light (relatively clear, transparent; not saturated, concentrated)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of liquids"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "loud and clear (lit. clear and bright)",
"text": "skaidri un gaiši",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the entire Latvian folk art, especially the songs and tales, give clear testimony of the working people's optimistic view of life",
"text": "visa latviešu tautas daiļrade, it sevišķi dziesmas un pasakas, dod gaišu liecību par darbaļaužu optimistisko dzīves skatījumi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clear, obvious, unambiguous"
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious"
],
[
"unambiguous",
"unambiguous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright mind",
"text": "gaišs prāts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, smart head (= intelligent person)",
"text": "gaiša, gudra galva",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Verns firmly believes in the victory of man's bright spirit, in the power of science",
"text": "Verns nešaubīgi tic cilvēka gaišā gara uzvarai, zinātnes spēkam",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Ieva sees this boy every day, he is intelligent and developed, and because of (his) bright mind one could perhaps forgive half of his misdeeds",
"text": "Ieva diendienā redz šo zēnu, tas ir gudrs un attīstīts, un gaišā prāta dēļ tam droši varētu piedot kaut pusi viņa nedarbu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (smart, intelligent, advanced; educated; morally, ethically evolved)"
],
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"smart",
"smart#English"
],
[
"intelligent",
"intelligent#English"
],
[
"advanced",
"advanced#English"
],
[
"educated",
"educated#English"
],
[
"moral",
"moral#English"
],
[
"ethical",
"ethical#English"
],
[
"evolved",
"evolved#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she is such a bright, always happy child",
"text": "viņa ir tāds gaišs, allaž priecīgs bērns",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "before his eyes (there) stood an image of Zenta, young, bright, happy",
"text": "viņa acu priekšā stāvēja Zentas tēls, jauns, gaišs, priecīgs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the pain made Mary lighter and calmer",
"text": "Mariju sāpes padarījušas gaišāku un mierīgāku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright, light (mentally balanced; good-natured, well-disposed; also, happy)"
],
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"mentally",
"mentally#English"
],
[
"balanced",
"balanced#English"
],
[
"good-natured",
"good-natured#English"
],
[
"well-disposed",
"well-disposed#English"
],
[
"happy",
"happy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright hopes, expectations",
"text": "gaišas cerības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright dreams",
"text": "gaiši sapņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, light happiness",
"text": "gaiša laime",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, happy memories",
"text": "gaišas atmiņas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright look",
"text": "gaišs skatiens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright smile",
"text": "gaišs smaids",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright, happy talk",
"text": "gaiša runa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "my father had a bright disposition, he never quarreled or complained",
"text": "mans tēvs bija gaiša rakstura, nekad nerājās, nesūdzējās",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the mother lay down and thought... the night is dark, but (her) thoughts are light: thoughts about (her) son",
"text": "māte guļ un domā... nakts ir tumša, bet domas gaišas: domas par dēlu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "they (have) bright, happy faces; and how freely they laugh!",
"text": "tiem gaišas un priecīgas sejas; un cik bezbēdīgi tie smejas!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the talks were bright (= optimistic, promising), life (was) happy, and one could notice in them a strong belief in victory",
"text": "sarunas bija gaišas, dzīves priecīgas, un tajās varēja manīt stipru ticību uzvarai",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright (good, optimistic, happy; expressing such feelings)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
],
[
"optimistic",
"optimistic#English"
],
[
"happy",
"happy#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people, their behavior) bright (good, optimistic, happy; expressing such feelings)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a country with a bright future",
"text": "gaišas nākotnes valsts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "belief in a bright tomorrow",
"text": "ticība gaišai rītdienai",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a bright (= happy) childhood",
"text": "gaiša bērnība",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (= happy) moments",
"text": "gaiši brīži",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "many of my former colleagues have a bright (= happy) old age",
"text": "gaišas vecumdienas ir arī maniem agrākiem darba biedriem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bright, noble, free (with good perspectives; causing happiness)"
],
"links": [
[
"social",
"social#English"
],
[
"phenomena",
"phenomena#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"period",
"period#English"
],
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"good",
"good#English"
],
[
"perspective",
"perspective#English"
],
[
"causing",
"cause#English"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "time periods",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of social phenomena, time periods) bright, noble, free (with good perspectives; causing happiness)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of social phenomena"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "bright (= high-pitched) violin sounds",
"text": "gaišas vijoļu skaņas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bright (= sonorous) bell",
"text": "gaišs zvans",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "one stroke was heavy and hollow, the second was light, bright",
"text": "viens cirtiens bija smagāks un dobjāks, otrs bija viegls, gaišs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"high, high-pitched; sonorous, pure"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound#English"
],
[
"musical",
"musical#English"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"high-pitched",
"high-pitched"
],
[
"sonorous",
"sonorous"
],
[
"pure",
"pure"
]
],
"qualifier": "musical instruments",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sounds, musical instruments) high, high-pitched; sonorous, pure"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡàjʃ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spīdīgs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spilgts"
},
{
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spodrs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spožs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"light, bright\"",
"word": "spulgs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"clear\"",
"word": "dzidrs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"clear\"",
"word": "skaidrs"
}
],
"word": "gaišs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaišs meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.