See gaeaf on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "gayaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gayaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "gaem"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh gaem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gyemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gyemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰyem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "gwav"
},
"expansion": "Cornish gwav",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "goañv"
},
"expansion": "Breton goañv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gam"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geimhreadh"
},
"expansion": "Irish geimhreadh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hiems"
},
"expansion": "Latin hiems",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "зима"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic зима (zima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हिम"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हिम (hima)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh gayaf, from Old Welsh gaem, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-.\nCeltic cognates include Cornish gwav, Breton goañv, Old Irish gam (Irish geimhreadh). Indo-European cognates include Latin hiems, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), Sanskrit हिम (hima).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaeafau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeafoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "aeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "gaeafau",
"pl2": "gaeafoedd"
},
"expansion": "gaeaf m (plural gaeafau or gaeafoedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "cy:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "wintercress",
"word": "berwr y gaeaf"
},
{
"english": "winter solstice",
"word": "byrddydd gaeaf"
},
{
"english": "harvest",
"word": "cynhaeaf"
},
{
"english": "wintry",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gaeafaidd"
},
{
"english": "hibernation",
"word": "gaeafgwsg"
},
{
"english": "hibernate",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "gaeafgysgu"
},
{
"english": "wintry",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gaeafol"
},
{
"english": "winter; winterize",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "gaeafu"
},
{
"english": "winter solstice",
"word": "heuldro'r gaeaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-gaeaf-cy-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "spring",
"word": "gwanwyn"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"word": "haf"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"word": "hydref"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯av/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯a/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯av/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯a/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɨ̯av"
}
],
"word": "gaeaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated verb"
},
"expansion": "gaeaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caeaf"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caeaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of caeaf."
],
"id": "en-gaeaf-cy-verb-GQi6XkVT",
"links": [
[
"caeaf",
"caeaf#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯av/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯a/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯av/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯a/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɨ̯av"
}
],
"word": "gaeaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯av",
"Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯av/2 syllables",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated verbs",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰey-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"cy:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "wintercress",
"word": "berwr y gaeaf"
},
{
"english": "winter solstice",
"word": "byrddydd gaeaf"
},
{
"english": "harvest",
"word": "cynhaeaf"
},
{
"english": "wintry",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gaeafaidd"
},
{
"english": "hibernation",
"word": "gaeafgwsg"
},
{
"english": "hibernate",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "gaeafgysgu"
},
{
"english": "wintry",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "gaeafol"
},
{
"english": "winter; winterize",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "gaeafu"
},
{
"english": "winter solstice",
"word": "heuldro'r gaeaf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "gayaf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gayaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "gaem"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh gaem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gyemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gyemos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰyem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "gwav"
},
"expansion": "Cornish gwav",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "goañv"
},
"expansion": "Breton goañv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gam"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geimhreadh"
},
"expansion": "Irish geimhreadh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hiems"
},
"expansion": "Latin hiems",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "зима"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic зима (zima)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हिम"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit हिम (hima)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh gayaf, from Old Welsh gaem, from Proto-Celtic *gyemos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰyem-.\nCeltic cognates include Cornish gwav, Breton goañv, Old Irish gam (Irish geimhreadh). Indo-European cognates include Latin hiems, Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma), Old Church Slavonic зима (zima), Sanskrit हिम (hima).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaeafau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeafoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "aeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "gaeafau",
"pl2": "gaeafoedd"
},
"expansion": "gaeaf m (plural gaeafau or gaeafoedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "spring",
"word": "gwanwyn"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"word": "haf"
},
{
"english": "autumn",
"word": "hydref"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯av/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯a/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯av/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯a/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɨ̯av"
}
],
"word": "gaeaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯av",
"Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯av/2 syllables",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated verbs",
"Welsh non-lemma forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chaeaf",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated verb"
},
"expansion": "gaeaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caeaf"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "caeaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of caeaf."
],
"links": [
[
"caeaf",
"caeaf#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯av/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡeɨ̯a/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯av/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡei̯a/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales",
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɨ̯av"
}
],
"word": "gaeaf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gaeaf meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: aeaf, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: ngaeaf, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: caeaf, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghaeaf, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chaeaf, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gaeaf"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gaeaf",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.