See forstand on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "Middle English forstanden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "forstandan",
"t": "to defend, help, protect, withstand, prevent, hinder, resist, oppose, benefit, avail, understand, signify, be equal to"
},
"expansion": "Old English forstandan (“to defend, help, protect, withstand, prevent, hinder, resist, oppose, benefit, avail, understand, signify, be equal to”)",
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"args": {
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"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ferstean (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ferstounde",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian ferstounde (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verstaan",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "Dutch verstaan (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verstehen",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "German verstehen (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "forstå",
"t": "to comprehend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål forstå (“to comprehend, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "förstå",
"t": "to comprehend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Swedish förstå (“to comprehend, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English forstanden, from Old English forstandan (“to defend, help, protect, withstand, prevent, hinder, resist, oppose, benefit, avail, understand, signify, be equal to”), from Proto-West Germanic *frastandan (“to understand, oppose”), equivalent to for- + stand. Cognate with West Frisian ferstean (“to understand”), Saterland Frisian ferstounde (“to understand”), Dutch verstaan (“to understand”), German verstehen (“to understand”). Compare also Norwegian Bokmål forstå (“to comprehend, understand”), Swedish förstå (“to comprehend, understand”).",
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{
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"tags": [
"present",
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},
{
"form": "forstanding",
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"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "forstood",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:",
"text": "And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1849, John Mitchell Kemble, The Saxons in England:",
"text": "\"As he would more of them had not wise God, Wierd forstood him, and the man's courage.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, The Medical News:",
"text": "Hemophilia is a contraindication for vaginal hysterectomy, unless you have the time to build your patient up in order to forestand the shock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Fredericus Theodorus Visser, An historical syntax of the English language: Volume 1, Part 3:",
"text": "A mighty angel there forstood them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stand against; stand in front of so as to bar the way; block; oppose; withstand."
],
"id": "en-forstand-en-verb-Nr~YWHYV",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"block",
"block"
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[
"oppose",
"oppose"
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[
"withstand",
"withstand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stand against; stand in front of so as to bar the way; block; oppose; withstand."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, Samuel Smiles, Robert Dick: baker, of Thurso, geologist and botanist:",
"text": "How can I forstand your Professors, when they dinna forstand themselves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To understand; comprehend."
],
"id": "en-forstand-en-verb-8Jz2oaD5",
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[
"understand",
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],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To understand; comprehend."
],
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}
],
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
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{
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"2": "for",
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"expansion": "for- + stand",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English forstanden, from Old English forstandan (“to defend, understand”), from Proto-West Germanic *frastandan (“to understand, oppose”), equivalent to for- + stand.",
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{
"form": "tae forstand",
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "A verbal noun of forstå (“to understand”), equivalent to for- (“for-”) + stand (“standing”). Borrowed from Middle Low German vorstant, cognate with German Verstand.",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ferstean",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ferstean (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ferstounde",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian ferstounde (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verstaan",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "Dutch verstaan (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verstehen",
"t": "to understand"
},
"expansion": "German verstehen (“to understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "forstå",
"t": "to comprehend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål forstå (“to comprehend, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "förstå",
"t": "to comprehend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Swedish förstå (“to comprehend, understand”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English forstanden, from Old English forstandan (“to defend, help, protect, withstand, prevent, hinder, resist, oppose, benefit, avail, understand, signify, be equal to”), from Proto-West Germanic *frastandan (“to understand, oppose”), equivalent to for- + stand. Cognate with West Frisian ferstean (“to understand”), Saterland Frisian ferstounde (“to understand”), Dutch verstaan (“to understand”), German verstehen (“to understand”). Compare also Norwegian Bokmål forstå (“to comprehend, understand”), Swedish förstå (“to comprehend, understand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "forstands",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "forstanding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "forstood",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "forstood",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "forstands",
"2": "forstanding",
"3": "forstood"
},
"expansion": "forstand (third-person singular simple present forstands, present participle forstanding, simple past and past participle forstood)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:",
"text": "And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1849, John Mitchell Kemble, The Saxons in England:",
"text": "\"As he would more of them had not wise God, Wierd forstood him, and the man's courage.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, The Medical News:",
"text": "Hemophilia is a contraindication for vaginal hysterectomy, unless you have the time to build your patient up in order to forestand the shock.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1963, Fredericus Theodorus Visser, An historical syntax of the English language: Volume 1, Part 3:",
"text": "A mighty angel there forstood them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To stand against; stand in front of so as to bar the way; block; oppose; withstand."
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
],
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"withstand",
"withstand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To stand against; stand in front of so as to bar the way; block; oppose; withstand."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, Samuel Smiles, Robert Dick: baker, of Thurso, geologist and botanist:",
"text": "How can I forstand your Professors, when they dinna forstand themselves.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To understand; comprehend."
],
"links": [
[
"understand",
"understand"
],
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, UK dialectal) To understand; comprehend."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forestand"
}
],
"word": "forstand"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "vorstant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vorstant",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Verstand"
},
"expansion": "German Verstand",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German vorstant, related to forstå; compare with German Verstand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "forstanden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"intellect, mind, reason"
],
"links": [
[
"intellect",
"intellect"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"meaning, sense"
],
"links": [
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "forstand"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "vorstant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German vorstant",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German vorstant, related to forstå.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "forstanden",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"intellect, mind, reason"
],
"links": [
[
"intellect",
"intellect"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"meaning, sense"
],
"links": [
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "forstand"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms prefixed with for-",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "forstanden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English forstanden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "forstandan",
"4": "",
"5": "to defend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Old English forstandan (“to defend, understand”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*frastandan",
"t": "to understand, oppose"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *frastandan (“to understand, oppose”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "for",
"3": "stand"
},
"expansion": "for- + stand",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English forstanden, from Old English forstandan (“to defend, understand”), from Proto-West Germanic *frastandan (“to understand, oppose”), equivalent to for- + stand.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tae forstand",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "verb",
"head": "tae forstand"
},
"expansion": "tae forstand",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To withstand, resist"
],
"links": [
[
"withstand",
"withstand"
],
[
"resist",
"resist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To understand"
],
"links": [
[
"understand",
"understand"
]
]
}
],
"word": "forstand"
}
Download raw JSONL data for forstand meaning in All languages combined (11.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.