See ferula on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferula",
"t": "giant fennel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin ferula (“giant fennel”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ferule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin ferula (“giant fennel”), whose stalks were once used in punishing schoolboys. Doublet of ferule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "ferulae"
},
"expansion": "ferula (plural ferulas or ferulae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613–1614, William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, “The Two Noble Kinsmen”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "He humbles with a ferula the tall ones",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ferule."
],
"id": "en-ferula-en-noun-hMq19oxQ",
"links": [
[
"ferule",
"ferule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ferule."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 December 29, James Joyce, chapter I, in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, New York, N.Y.: B[enjamin] W. Huebsch, →OCLC, page 46:",
"text": "And Old Barrett has a new way of twisting the note so that you can't open it and fold it again to see how many ferulæ you are to get.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stroke from a cane."
],
"id": "en-ferula-en-noun-UoymADrR",
"links": [
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A stroke from a cane."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stroke from a cane",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coup de cane"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 25 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 7 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 6 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 99",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "en:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Asia",
"History of Europe",
"History of Greece",
"History of Turkey",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Asia",
"Asia",
"History",
"Europe",
"Greece",
"Turkey",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The imperial sceptre in the Byzantine Empire."
],
"id": "en-ferula-en-noun-iengM9Tm",
"links": [
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"sceptre",
"sceptre"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The imperial sceptre in the Byzantine Empire."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹələ/"
}
],
"word": "ferula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cañaferra",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: cañaferra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: cañaferra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fèrula",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: fèrula (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ferla",
"inh": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "> ferla (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "canyaferla",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ canyaferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: fèrula (learned), > ferla (inherited), ⇒ canyaferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ferula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ferula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "férule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: férule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: férule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ferule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ferule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ferla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: ferla\n→ Old Czech: berla\n→ Old Polish: berła\nPolish: berło\n→ Kashubian: berło\nSilesian: berło\nCzech: berla, berle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: ferla\n→ Old Czech: berla\n→ Old Polish: berła\nPolish: berło\n→ Kashubian: berło\nSilesian: berło\nCzech: berla, berle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "feurra"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: feurra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: feurra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ferra",
"3": "fella",
"4": "A Ferra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: ferra, fella, A Ferra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: ferra, fella, A Ferra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "férula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: férula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: férula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Ferula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Ferula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Ferula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "staff"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain but perhaps connected to festūca (“stalk, straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferula<1>"
},
"expansion": "ferula f (genitive ferulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 18 56 1 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 12 65 1 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 1 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 19 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 2 14 18",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "la:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"giant fennel (Ferula communis)"
],
"id": "en-ferula-la-noun-9Y4a7aWm",
"links": [
[
"giant fennel",
"giant fennel"
],
[
"Ferula communis",
"Ferula communis#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 19 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a staff, stick, rod"
],
"id": "en-ferula-la-noun-VFqcpS40",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 19 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a splint"
],
"id": "en-ferula-la-noun-ThfS0txT",
"links": [
[
"splint",
"splint"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 19 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the unramified horn of a young stag"
],
"id": "en-ferula-la-noun-Kau~jRlC",
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfe.ru.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛrʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfe.ru.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛːrulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferula"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with French translations",
"en:Byzantine Empire",
"la:Plants"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferula",
"t": "giant fennel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin ferula (“giant fennel”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferule"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of ferule",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin ferula (“giant fennel”), whose stalks were once used in punishing schoolboys. Doublet of ferule.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "ferulae"
},
"expansion": "ferula (plural ferulas or ferulae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1613–1614, William Shakespeare, John Fletcher, “The Two Noble Kinsmen”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "He humbles with a ferula the tall ones",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ferule."
],
"links": [
[
"ferule",
"ferule"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ferule."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1916 December 29, James Joyce, chapter I, in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, New York, N.Y.: B[enjamin] W. Huebsch, →OCLC, page 46:",
"text": "And Old Barrett has a new way of twisting the note so that you can't open it and fold it again to see how many ferulæ you are to get.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stroke from a cane."
],
"links": [
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"cane",
"cane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A stroke from a cane."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The imperial sceptre in the Byzantine Empire."
],
"links": [
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"sceptre",
"sceptre"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The imperial sceptre in the Byzantine Empire."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹələ/"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stroke from a cane",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coup de cane"
}
],
"word": "ferula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cañaferra",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Aragonese: cañaferra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Aragonese: cañaferra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fèrula",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: fèrula (learned)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ferla",
"inh": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "> ferla (inherited)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "canyaferla",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ canyaferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: fèrula (learned), > ferla (inherited), ⇒ canyaferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ferula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ferula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "férule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: férule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: férule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ferule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ferule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ferule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ferla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: ferla\n→ Old Czech: berla\n→ Old Polish: berła\nPolish: berło\n→ Kashubian: berło\nSilesian: berło\nCzech: berla, berle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: ferla\n→ Old Czech: berla\n→ Old Polish: berła\nPolish: berło\n→ Kashubian: berło\nSilesian: berło\nCzech: berla, berle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "ferla"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: ferla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: ferla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "feurra"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: feurra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: feurra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ferra",
"3": "fella",
"4": "A Ferra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: ferra, fella, A Ferra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: ferra, fella, A Ferra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "férula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: férula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: férula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Ferula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Ferula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Ferula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "staff"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain but perhaps connected to festūca (“stalk, straw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ferula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ferula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ferulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferula<1>"
},
"expansion": "ferula f (genitive ferulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ferula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"giant fennel (Ferula communis)"
],
"links": [
[
"giant fennel",
"giant fennel"
],
[
"Ferula communis",
"Ferula communis#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a staff, stick, rod"
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a splint"
],
"links": [
[
"splint",
"splint"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the unramified horn of a young stag"
],
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"stag",
"stag"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfe.ru.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛrʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfe.ru.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɛːrulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ferula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ferula meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.