See fēlaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fāland"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"t2": "a devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: valant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: valant"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valande",
"der": "1",
"t": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"4": "feiland"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Valand",
"3": "Voland",
"4": "Faland"
},
"expansion": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fālandini",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fālandin",
"3": "*fālandina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālentin",
"3": "valentinne",
"t2": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fālantin",
"3": "*fālantina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālantīn",
"3": "vālantinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fála",
"der": "1",
"t": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fála",
"t": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second sense influenced by <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"is\">fælinn</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(second sense influenced by fælinn?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fēlijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to frighten, terrify"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten away"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fæla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fæla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæle",
"t": "to be or become afraid"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælinn",
"der": "1",
"t": "scared, timid, shy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fælinn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fælinn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælni",
"der": "1",
"t": "shyness (of horses); phobia"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fælen"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fælen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fælen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: fæl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælt",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fælt (adverb)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"da\">gal</i> from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">galinn</i>; or from Old Norse <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">fælt</i> (adverb)"
},
"expansion": "(derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "falma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"id": "en-fēlaz-gem-pro-adj-ec0tRUVM",
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"heiti"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fāland"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"t2": "a devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: valant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: valant"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valande",
"der": "1",
"t": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"4": "feiland"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Valand",
"3": "Voland",
"4": "Faland"
},
"expansion": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fālandini",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fālandin",
"3": "*fālandina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālentin",
"3": "valentinne",
"t2": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fālantin",
"3": "*fālantina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālantīn",
"3": "vālantinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fála",
"der": "1",
"t": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fála",
"t": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second sense influenced by <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"is\">fælinn</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(second sense influenced by fælinn?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fēlijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to frighten, terrify"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten away"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fæla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fæla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæle",
"t": "to be or become afraid"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælinn",
"der": "1",
"t": "scared, timid, shy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fælinn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fælinn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælni",
"der": "1",
"t": "shyness (of horses); phobia"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fælen"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fælen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fælen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: fæl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælt",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fælt (adverb)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"da\">gal</i> from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">galinn</i>; or from Old Norse <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">fælt</i> (adverb)"
},
"expansion": "(derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "falma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"heiti"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fēlaz meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.