See fēlaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fāland"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"t2": "a devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: valant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: valant"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valande",
"der": "1",
"t": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"4": "feiland"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Valand",
"3": "Voland",
"4": "Faland"
},
"expansion": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fālandini",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fālandin",
"3": "*fālandina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālentin",
"3": "valentinne",
"t2": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fālantin",
"3": "*fālantina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālantīn",
"3": "vālantinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fála",
"der": "1",
"t": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fála",
"t": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second sense influenced by <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"is\">fælinn</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(second sense influenced by fælinn?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fēlijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to frighten, terrify"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten away"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fæla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fæla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæle",
"t": "to be or become afraid"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælinn",
"der": "1",
"t": "scared, timid, shy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fælinn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fælinn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælni",
"der": "1",
"t": "shyness (of horses); phobia"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fælen"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fælen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fælen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: fæl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælt",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fælt (adverb)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"da\">gal</i> from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">galinn</i>; or from Old Norse <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">fælt</i> (adverb)"
},
"expansion": "(derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "falma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fēl"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*fēlaz",
"10": "*fēlaimiz",
"11": "*fēlō",
"12": "*fēlǭ",
"13": "*fēlaizōz",
"14": "*fēlaizōi",
"15": "*fēlaizō",
"16": "*fēlôz",
"17": "*fēlōz",
"18": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"19": "*fēlaimaz",
"2": "*fēlanǭ",
"20": "*fēlaimiz",
"21": "*fēlą, -atō",
"22": "*fēlą, -atō",
"23": "*fēlas, -is",
"24": "*fēlammai",
"25": "*fēlanō",
"26": "*fēlō",
"27": "*fēlō",
"28": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"29": "*fēlaimaz",
"3": "*fēlas, -is",
"30": "*fēlaimiz",
"31": "*fēlô",
"32": "*fēlanų",
"33": "*fēliniz",
"34": "*fēlini",
"35": "*fēlinē",
"36": "*fēlaniz",
"37": "*fēlanunz",
"38": "*fēlanǫ̂",
"39": "*fēlammaz",
"4": "*fēlammai",
"40": "*fēlammiz",
"41": "*fēlǭ",
"42": "*fēlōnų",
"43": "*fēlōniz",
"44": "*fēlōni",
"45": "*fēlōnē",
"46": "*fēlōniz",
"47": "*fēlōnunz",
"48": "*fēlōnǫ̂",
"49": "*fēlōmaz",
"5": "*fēlanō",
"50": "*fēlōmiz",
"51": "*fēlô",
"52": "*fēlô",
"53": "*fēliniz",
"54": "*fēlini",
"55": "*fēlinē",
"56": "*fēlōnō",
"57": "*fēlōnō",
"58": "*fēlanǫ̂",
"59": "*fēlammaz",
"6": "*fēlai",
"60": "*fēlammiz",
"7": "*fēlanz",
"8": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"9": "*fēlaimaz",
"title": "*fēlaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"id": "en-fēlaz-gem-pro-adj-ec0tRUVM",
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"heiti"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fēlijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *fāl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fāland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fāland"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fāland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fāland"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"t2": "a devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: valant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: valant"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "valande",
"der": "1",
"t": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "fālant"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: fālant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: fālant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālant",
"3": "vōlant",
"4": "feiland"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Valand",
"3": "Voland",
"4": "Faland"
},
"expansion": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Valand, Voland, Faland"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fālandini",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*fālandin",
"3": "*fālandina"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "vālentin",
"3": "valentinne",
"t2": "a female devil"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*fālantin",
"3": "*fālantina"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "vālantīn",
"3": "vālantinne"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fála",
"der": "1",
"t": "troll-woman; axe (heiti)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fála",
"t": "adulterous woman; a shy sheep"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second sense influenced by <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"is\">fælinn</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(second sense influenced by fælinn?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fēlijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to frighten, terrify"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla",
"t": "to frighten away"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fæla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fæla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæle",
"t": "to be or become afraid"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælinn",
"der": "1",
"t": "scared, timid, shy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælinn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fælinn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fælinn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fælni",
"der": "1",
"t": "shyness (of horses); phobia"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fælen"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: fælen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: fælen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Danish: fæl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fælt",
"pos": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fælt (adverb)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"da\">gal</i> from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">galinn</i>; or from Old Norse <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">fælt</i> (adverb)"
},
"expansion": "(derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "fæl",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian: fæl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fæla"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fæla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pel-",
"id": "drive",
"t": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Rix, Helmut, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2001), “*pelh₁-”, in <cite>Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</cite> [<cite>Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs</cite>] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, <small>→ISBN</small>, pages 469-470</span></span>",
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*polšiti",
"t": "to scare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "falma",
"t": "to grope, feel; to be astonished"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*fōlijan",
"t": "to feel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹",
"t": "fright, horror"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "felmtr",
"t": "alarm, fear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "LIV"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"name": "Köbler"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pele-",
"t": "to fear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).\nLikely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).\nDe Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "fēlammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fēl"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*fēlaz",
"10": "*fēlaimiz",
"11": "*fēlō",
"12": "*fēlǭ",
"13": "*fēlaizōz",
"14": "*fēlaizōi",
"15": "*fēlaizō",
"16": "*fēlôz",
"17": "*fēlōz",
"18": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"19": "*fēlaimaz",
"2": "*fēlanǭ",
"20": "*fēlaimiz",
"21": "*fēlą, -atō",
"22": "*fēlą, -atō",
"23": "*fēlas, -is",
"24": "*fēlammai",
"25": "*fēlanō",
"26": "*fēlō",
"27": "*fēlō",
"28": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"29": "*fēlaimaz",
"3": "*fēlas, -is",
"30": "*fēlaimiz",
"31": "*fēlô",
"32": "*fēlanų",
"33": "*fēliniz",
"34": "*fēlini",
"35": "*fēlinē",
"36": "*fēlaniz",
"37": "*fēlanunz",
"38": "*fēlanǫ̂",
"39": "*fēlammaz",
"4": "*fēlammai",
"40": "*fēlammiz",
"41": "*fēlǭ",
"42": "*fēlōnų",
"43": "*fēlōniz",
"44": "*fēlōni",
"45": "*fēlōnē",
"46": "*fēlōniz",
"47": "*fēlōnunz",
"48": "*fēlōnǫ̂",
"49": "*fēlōmaz",
"5": "*fēlanō",
"50": "*fēlōmiz",
"51": "*fēlô",
"52": "*fēlô",
"53": "*fēliniz",
"54": "*fēlini",
"55": "*fēlinē",
"56": "*fēlōnō",
"57": "*fēlōnō",
"58": "*fēlanǫ̂",
"59": "*fēlammaz",
"6": "*fēlai",
"60": "*fēlammiz",
"7": "*fēlanz",
"8": "*fēlaizǫ̂",
"9": "*fēlaimaz",
"title": "*fēlaz (a-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fēlaz",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "faluz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"terrifying"
],
"links": [
[
"terrifying",
"terrifying"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"heiti"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸɛː.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "fēlaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fēlaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.