See excavation on Wiktionary
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "excavational"
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"2": "la",
"3": "excavātiō",
"4": "",
"5": "a hollowing out"
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"name": "bor"
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"3": "*ḱewh₁-",
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"5": "vault, hole"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“vault, hole”)",
"name": "der"
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"etymology_text": "From Latin excavātiō (“a hollowing out”), from excavō (“I hollow out”), from ex + cavō (“I hollow out”), from cavus (“hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“vault, hole”).",
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"text": "Near-synonyms: hollowing out, hollowing"
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"The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass."
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"The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.",
"Especially, the trade of digging engineered holes for building foundations, roadbed preparations, and similar purposes."
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"(uncountable) The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.",
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{
"ref": "1924 March, E. J. Garwood, “Himalayan Glaciation”, in The Geographical Journal, volume LXIII, number 3, London: Royal Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 244:",
"text": "Prof. Dainelli made a personal study of the lakes of the Upper Indus lying between its confluence with the Gilgit on the west and the plains of Kashmir on the east. From this district he cites fifty lakes and groups of lakes. Many of these are moraine-dammed, but some of the larger ones, as the Satpor Tso, the Tso Moriri, the Chiun Tso, and the group of lakes associated with the Pángong Tso, he considers to have originated by glacial excavation.",
"type": "quote"
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"A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping."
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"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-NfK9IJEL",
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"(countable) A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkop",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"word": "изкоп"
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"code": "nl",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "bouwput"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "exkavuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
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"word": "wykop"
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"code": "pt",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
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"word": "escavação"
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{
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"code": "ru",
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"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "я́ма"
},
{
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"code": "ru",
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"roman": "kotlován",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
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"masculine"
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"word": "котлова́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "ru",
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"roman": "uglublénije",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "углубле́ние"
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"_dis1": "10 10 56 5 9 2 3 0 3",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cavia"
},
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"code": "es",
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"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
}
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"glosses": [
"An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel."
],
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"(countable) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel."
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 61 8 3 7 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkop",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "изкоп"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 61 8 3 7 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 61 8 3 7 2 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausschachtung"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 61 8 3 7 2 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kavajo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 61 8 3 7 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okóp",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "око́п"
}
]
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"The material dug out in making a channel or cavity."
],
"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-EClmLhnk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 8 7 7 55 3 7 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"word": "kaivuujäte"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 8 7 7 55 3 7 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Aushub"
}
]
},
{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaeological research that unearths buildings, tombs and objects of historical value."
],
"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-FCak5seH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Archaeological research that unearths buildings, tombs and objects of historical value."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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],
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],
"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-miEAs5zH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A site where an archaeological exploration is being carried out."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 392:",
"text": "To date, [Taco's 1982 cover of Irving Berlin's 1935] \"Cheek To Cheek\" and similar auditory excavations have fared poorly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something uncovered by archaeological excavation."
],
"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-mSJ~bwHE",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Something uncovered by archaeological excavation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раскопкі"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkopki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "разкопки"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavació"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "挖掘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "發掘 /发掘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "opgraving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kaivaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fouille"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gatxra",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრა"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gatxrebi",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრები"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anaskafí",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανασκαφή"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"alt": "はっくつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakkutsu",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "発掘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "wykopaliska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раско́пки"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 13 11 77 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kazı"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Anne Manne, The Life of I : The New Culture of Narcissism:",
"text": "Chua looks at the landscape of childhood rather like a mining engineer looks at a pristine landscape—ripe for the excavation of talent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, John F. Collins, Revolt of the Saints:",
"text": "This Andrade, a lawyer, seemed to enjoy bureucratic process as much as Mário de Andrade valorized the enthnographic excavation of creativity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024, Geraldine Healy, Ahu Tatli, Cynthia Forson, Mustafa B. Öztürk, “Introduction—the pervasive nature of inequalities”, in Cynthia Forson, Geraldine Healy, Mustafa B. Öztürk, Ahu Tatli, editor, Research Handbook on Inequalities and Work, page 7:",
"text": "In the same vein, Emirbayer and Desmond (2012) highlight the vital need for deeper scholarly reflexivity as regards race, advocating excavation of hidden presuppositions at social, disciplinary and scholastic levels.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-excavation-en-noun-SrD1WHm3",
"links": [
[
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[
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"expose"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
]
],
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"(figurative) The act of discovering and exposing or developing (a quality)."
],
"tags": [
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"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/"
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{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkopavane",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изкопаване"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavació"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgraving"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivuu"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grabung"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekskafí",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκσκαφή"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "anaskaphḗ",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀνασκαφή"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "khodkām",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ખોદકામ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavado"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "penggalian"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "pengorekan"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ekskavasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kazma",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "قازمه"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wykopalisko"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopánije",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "копа́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rytʹjó",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "рытьё"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekskavácija",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "экскава́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhach"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "es",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "tavvakamu",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "తవ్వకము"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 6 8 3 7 1 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kazı"
}
],
"word": "excavation"
}
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"forms": [
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"form": "excavations",
"tags": [
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[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
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"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English terms borrowed from Latin",
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"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "excavational"
},
{
"word": "excavationist"
},
{
"word": "excavation unit"
},
{
"word": "nonexcavation"
},
{
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{
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{
"word": "sub-excavation"
}
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"4": "",
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-",
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"5": "vault, hole"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“vault, hole”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin excavātiō (“a hollowing out”), from excavō (“I hollow out”), from ex + cavō (“I hollow out”), from cavus (“hollow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“vault, hole”).",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonyms: hollowing out, hollowing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.",
"Especially, the trade of digging engineered holes for building foundations, roadbed preparations, and similar purposes."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The act of excavating, or of making hollow, by cutting, scooping, or digging out a part of a solid mass.",
"Especially, the trade of digging engineered holes for building foundations, roadbed preparations, and similar purposes."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1924 March, E. J. Garwood, “Himalayan Glaciation”, in The Geographical Journal, volume LXIII, number 3, London: Royal Geographic Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 244:",
"text": "Prof. Dainelli made a personal study of the lakes of the Upper Indus lying between its confluence with the Gilgit on the west and the plains of Kashmir on the east. From this district he cites fifty lakes and groups of lakes. Many of these are moraine-dammed, but some of the larger ones, as the Satpor Tso, the Tso Moriri, the Chiun Tso, and the group of lakes associated with the Pángong Tso, he considers to have originated by glacial excavation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The material dug out in making a channel or cavity."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The material dug out in making a channel or cavity."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"Archaeological research that unearths buildings, tombs and objects of historical value."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Archaeological research that unearths buildings, tombs and objects of historical value."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A site where an archaeological exploration is being carried out."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A site where an archaeological exploration is being carried out."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 392:",
"text": "To date, [Taco's 1982 cover of Irving Berlin's 1935] \"Cheek To Cheek\" and similar auditory excavations have fared poorly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something uncovered by archaeological excavation."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Something uncovered by archaeological excavation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Anne Manne, The Life of I : The New Culture of Narcissism:",
"text": "Chua looks at the landscape of childhood rather like a mining engineer looks at a pristine landscape—ripe for the excavation of talent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, John F. Collins, Revolt of the Saints:",
"text": "This Andrade, a lawyer, seemed to enjoy bureucratic process as much as Mário de Andrade valorized the enthnographic excavation of creativity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024, Geraldine Healy, Ahu Tatli, Cynthia Forson, Mustafa B. Öztürk, “Introduction—the pervasive nature of inequalities”, in Cynthia Forson, Geraldine Healy, Mustafa B. Öztürk, Ahu Tatli, editor, Research Handbook on Inequalities and Work, page 7:",
"text": "In the same vein, Emirbayer and Desmond (2012) highlight the vital need for deeper scholarly reflexivity as regards race, advocating excavation of hidden presuppositions at social, disciplinary and scholastic levels.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
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"discover"
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[
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"expose"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
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"figuratively",
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]
}
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
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],
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkopavane",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изкопаване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavació"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgraving"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivaminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kaivuu"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grabung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"archaeology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekskafí",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "εκσκαφή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "anaskaphḗ",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀνασκαφή"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "khodkām",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ખોદકામ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavo"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "exkavado"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "penggalian"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "pengorekan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "ekskavasi"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kazma",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "قازمه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wykopalisko"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopánije",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "копа́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rytʹjó",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "рытьё"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ekskavácija",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "экскава́ция"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cladhach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "tavvakamu",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "తవ్వకము"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "act of excavating, or of making hollow",
"word": "kazı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkop",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "изкоп"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bouwput"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"word": "exkavuro"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wykop"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jáma",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kotlován",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "котлова́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uglublénije",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "углубле́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cavia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkop",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "изкоп"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kuoppa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausschachtung"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"word": "kavajo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okóp",
"sense": "uncovered cutting in the earth, in distinction from a covered cutting or tunnel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "око́п"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"word": "kaivuujäte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "material dug out in making a channel or cavity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Aushub"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раскопкі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razkopki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "разкопки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "挖掘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fājué",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "發掘 /发掘"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "opgraving"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kaivaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fouille"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gatxra",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gatxrebi",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "გათხრები"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ausgrabung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anaskafí",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ανασκαφή"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scavo"
},
{
"alt": "はっくつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hakkutsu",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "発掘"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavatio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "wykopaliska"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escavação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskópki",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "раско́пки"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "excavación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utgrävning"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "archaeological excavation",
"word": "kazı"
}
],
"word": "excavation"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "excavations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "excavation f (plural excavations)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 4-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"excavation"
],
"links": [
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:excavation"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛk.ska.va.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/72/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-excavation.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "excavation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for excavation meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.