See espine on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "épingne"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: épingne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: épingne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: espine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: espine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "épine"
},
"expansion": "French: épine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: épine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espine oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espine oblique singular, f (oblique plural espines, nominative singular espine, nominative plural espines)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spine; backbone"
],
"id": "en-espine-fro-noun-vcMANY1T",
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spine; spike"
],
"id": "en-espine-fro-noun-SVtNplqp",
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
]
}
],
"word": "espine"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "espine",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 2 75 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 84 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-espine-es-verb-07gvxbt2",
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-espine-es-verb-cD~GsBkx",
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "espine"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "épingne"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: épingne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: épingne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "espine"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: espine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: espine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "épine"
},
"expansion": "French: épine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: épine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spyne",
"bor": "1",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: spyne\nEnglish: spine"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "spīna"
},
"expansion": "Latin spīna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin spīna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "espine oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "espine",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "espines",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "espine oblique singular, f (oblique plural espines, nominative singular espine, nominative plural espines)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spine; backbone"
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"backbone",
"backbone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spine; spike"
],
"links": [
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
]
}
],
"word": "espine"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "espine",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "espinar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of espinar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"espinar",
"espinar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "espine"
}
Download raw JSONL data for espine meaning in All languages combined (2.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'espine oblique singular or', originally 'espine oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"espine"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "espine",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'espine oblique singular or', originally 'espine oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"espine"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "espine",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'espine oblique singular or' in 'espine oblique singular, f (oblique plural espines, nominative singular espine, nominative plural espines)'",
"path": [
"espine"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "espine",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.