See dysthymia on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dysthymia meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “tendency to be depressed”",
"word": "euphoria"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “form of clinical depression”",
"word": "euthymia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dys",
"3": "-thymia"
},
"expansion": "dys- + -thymia",
"name": "confix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "δυσθυμία",
"4": "",
"5": "despondency, despair; ill-temper"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δυσθυμία (dusthumía, “despondency, despair; ill-temper”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δυσ-",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θυμός",
"3": "",
"4": "soul, spirit"
},
"expansion": "θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "dys- + -thymia\nFrom Ancient Greek δυσθυμία (dusthumía, “despondency, despair; ill-temper”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dysthymias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "dysthymia (usually uncountable, plural dysthymias)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dysthymiac"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dysthymic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "euthymia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tendency to be depressed, without hope."
],
"id": "en-dysthymia-en-noun-XUWrVxr0",
"links": [
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "depression"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "despondence"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "dejectedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "gloom"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "lypemania"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distímia"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "精神抑鬱症"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngshén yìyùzhèng",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "精神抑郁症"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "masentuneisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dysthymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysthymía",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσθυμία"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distimia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Psychiatry",
"orig": "en:Psychiatry",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with dys-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -thymia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, James F. Masterson, Ralph Klein, editors, Psychotherapy of the Disorders of the Self: The Masterson Approach, page 369",
"text": "For diagnostic, research, and treatment reasons, a distinction should always be made between the milder dysthymias, atypical and hysteroid depressions, and the more serious major depressive illnesses, with and without melancholic (vegetative) and psychotic features.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, John C. Markowitz, James H. Kocsis, “Chapter 9: Dysthymia”, in Leon Grunhaus, John F. Greden, editors, Severe Depressive Disorders, page 209",
"text": "A decade ago most psychiatrists would have been puzzled to find a chapter on dysthymia in a book about severe depressive disorders. They would have characterized this chronic form of depression as mild, \"minor,\" or \"syndromal.\"[…]In recent years, research has demonstrated the severity, prevalence, and importance of vogorous antidepressant treatment of dysthymia, justifying its inclusion here among serious mood disorders.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Brian B. Doyle, Understanding and Treating Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, page 231",
"text": "In other patients, the dysthymia may co-occur with but not be causally related to the ADHD (Adler and Cohen 2004).[…]Early studies of adults with ADHD found rates of dysthymia as high as 67%–81% (Wender et al. 1985).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Jon G. Allen, Coping With Depression: From Catch-22 to Hope, page 12",
"text": "Dysthymia in childhood or adulthood also significantly increases the risk of developing a subsequent major depressive episode.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Gary Landsberg, Wayne Hunthausen, Lowell Ackerman, Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat, page 363",
"text": "Involutive depression or bipolar dysthymias must be ruled out.[…]Two characteristics of bipolar dysthymias are distinguishable: first, the bipolar disorders are cyclical in character and develop over several days to several weeks, which is quite different from the sudden and sometimes multiple changes of chronic depression; second, the productive phases of dysthymias are accompanied by a considerable decrease in the duration of sleep, to less than 6 hours per day.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years."
],
"id": "en-dysthymia-en-noun-CyRikQl6",
"links": [
[
"psychiatry",
"psychiatry"
],
[
"clinical depression",
"clinical depression"
],
[
"characterized",
"characterized"
],
[
"low-grade",
"low-grade"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychiatry) A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "20 80",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "depression"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"medicine",
"psychiatry",
"psychology",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distímia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "精神抑鬱症"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngshén yìyùzhèng",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "精神抑郁症"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dystymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "dystymia"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "masentuneisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dysthymie"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysthymía",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσθυμία"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distimia"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"dysthymia"
],
"word": "dysthymia"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “tendency to be depressed”",
"word": "euphoria"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “form of clinical depression”",
"word": "euthymia"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"English terms prefixed with dys-",
"English terms suffixed with -thymia",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dys",
"3": "-thymia"
},
"expansion": "dys- + -thymia",
"name": "confix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "δυσθυμία",
"4": "",
"5": "despondency, despair; ill-temper"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δυσθυμία (dusthumía, “despondency, despair; ill-temper”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δυσ-",
"3": "",
"4": "bad"
},
"expansion": "δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θυμός",
"3": "",
"4": "soul, spirit"
},
"expansion": "θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "dys- + -thymia\nFrom Ancient Greek δυσθυμία (dusthumía, “despondency, despair; ill-temper”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, spirit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dysthymias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "dysthymia (usually uncountable, plural dysthymias)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dysthymiac"
},
{
"word": "dysthymic"
},
{
"word": "euthymia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tendency to be depressed, without hope."
],
"links": [
[
"depressed",
"depressed"
],
[
"hope",
"hope"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Psychiatry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, James F. Masterson, Ralph Klein, editors, Psychotherapy of the Disorders of the Self: The Masterson Approach, page 369",
"text": "For diagnostic, research, and treatment reasons, a distinction should always be made between the milder dysthymias, atypical and hysteroid depressions, and the more serious major depressive illnesses, with and without melancholic (vegetative) and psychotic features.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, John C. Markowitz, James H. Kocsis, “Chapter 9: Dysthymia”, in Leon Grunhaus, John F. Greden, editors, Severe Depressive Disorders, page 209",
"text": "A decade ago most psychiatrists would have been puzzled to find a chapter on dysthymia in a book about severe depressive disorders. They would have characterized this chronic form of depression as mild, \"minor,\" or \"syndromal.\"[…]In recent years, research has demonstrated the severity, prevalence, and importance of vogorous antidepressant treatment of dysthymia, justifying its inclusion here among serious mood disorders.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Brian B. Doyle, Understanding and Treating Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, page 231",
"text": "In other patients, the dysthymia may co-occur with but not be causally related to the ADHD (Adler and Cohen 2004).[…]Early studies of adults with ADHD found rates of dysthymia as high as 67%–81% (Wender et al. 1985).",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Jon G. Allen, Coping With Depression: From Catch-22 to Hope, page 12",
"text": "Dysthymia in childhood or adulthood also significantly increases the risk of developing a subsequent major depressive episode.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Gary Landsberg, Wayne Hunthausen, Lowell Ackerman, Behavior Problems of the Dog and Cat, page 363",
"text": "Involutive depression or bipolar dysthymias must be ruled out.[…]Two characteristics of bipolar dysthymias are distinguishable: first, the bipolar disorders are cyclical in character and develop over several days to several weeks, which is quite different from the sudden and sometimes multiple changes of chronic depression; second, the productive phases of dysthymias are accompanied by a considerable decrease in the duration of sleep, to less than 6 hours per day.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years."
],
"links": [
[
"psychiatry",
"psychiatry"
],
[
"clinical depression",
"clinical depression"
],
[
"characterized",
"characterized"
],
[
"low-grade",
"low-grade"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychiatry) A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"medicine",
"psychiatry",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "depression"
},
{
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "despondence"
},
{
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "dejectedness"
},
{
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "gloom"
},
{
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "lypemania"
},
{
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "depression"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distímia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "精神抑鬱症"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngshén yìyùzhèng",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "精神抑郁症"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"word": "masentuneisuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dysthymie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysthymía",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσθυμία"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tendency to be depressed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distimia"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distímia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "精神抑鬱症"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngshén yìyùzhèng",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "精神抑郁症"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dystymie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "dystymia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"word": "masentuneisuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dysthymie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dysthymie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dysthymía",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δυσθυμία"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "form of clinical depression",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distimia"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"dysthymia"
],
"word": "dysthymia"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.