See dunstą on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dūst\nMiddle English: dust, doust\nEnglish: dust\nScots: dust, dist",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dūst\nMiddle English: dust, doust\nEnglish: dust\nScots: dust, dist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Duist"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Duist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Duist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dunst",
"3": "*dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dunst, *dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dunst, *dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "donst",
"3": "dûst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: donst, dûst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: donst, dûst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Dunst",
"3": "Duust"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Dunst, Duust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Dunst, Duust"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suerländer-Märkisch: Dûst"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Donst, Doonst, Doost, Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Donst"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Donst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Donst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunst",
"3": "*dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunst, *dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunst, *dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dunst",
"3": "donst",
"4": "doest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dunst, donst, doest",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(possibly borrowed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dunst, donst, doest, (possibly borrowed) duust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dons",
"3": "duist"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dons, duist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dons, duist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunist",
"3": "dunist",
"4": "dunst"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunist, dunist, dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunist, dunist, dunst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunst",
"3": "dunst"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunst, dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunst, dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dunst"
},
"expansion": "German: Dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Dunst"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Donst"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Donst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Donst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥und̥st]"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"t": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūmus",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunstą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dauniz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dūnaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dustą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 22 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mist, haze"
],
"id": "en-dunstą-gem-pro-noun-OPH2rcV0",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"haze",
"haze"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"evaporation"
],
"id": "en-dunstą-gem-pro-noun-KLGSGRcp",
"links": [
[
"evaporation",
"evaporation"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dust"
],
"id": "en-dunstą-gem-pro-noun-q7MnARF9",
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdun.stɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dunstiz"
}
],
"word": "dunstą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dūst\nMiddle English: dust, doust\nEnglish: dust\nScots: dust, dist",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dūst\nMiddle English: dust, doust\nEnglish: dust\nScots: dust, dist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Duist"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Duist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Duist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*dunst",
"3": "*dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *dunst, *dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *dunst, *dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "donst",
"3": "dûst"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: donst, dûst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: donst, dûst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Dunst",
"3": "Duust"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Dunst, Duust",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Dunst, Duust"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suerländer-Märkisch: Dûst"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Donst, Doonst, Doost, Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Donst"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Donst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Donst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunst",
"3": "*dūst"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunst, *dūst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunst, *dūst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "dunst",
"3": "donst",
"4": "doest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: dunst, donst, doest",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly borrowed"
},
"expansion": "(possibly borrowed)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: dunst, donst, doest, (possibly borrowed) duust"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dons",
"3": "duist"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dons, duist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dons, duist"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunist",
"3": "dunist",
"4": "dunst"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunist, dunist, dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunist, dunist, dunst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunst",
"3": "dunst"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunst, dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunst, dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Dunst"
},
"expansion": "German: Dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Dunst"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Dunst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Dunst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Donst"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Donst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Donst"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥und̥st]"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"t": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fūmus",
"t": "smoke, steam"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunstamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunstą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dauniz"
},
{
"word": "dūnaz"
},
{
"word": "dustą"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mist, haze"
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist"
],
[
"haze",
"haze"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"evaporation"
],
"links": [
[
"evaporation",
"evaporation"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dust"
],
"links": [
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdun.stɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dunstiz"
}
],
"word": "dunstą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dunstą meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.