See dungu on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dungu",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dungi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of dungi"
],
"id": "en-dungu-eo-verb-EAciV9FH",
"links": [
[
"dungi",
"dungi#Esperanto"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-dungu.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dungu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 27 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 26 2 2 2 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dumb"
],
"id": "en-dungu-id-adj-rJlq5JL5",
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "دوڠو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "دوڠو"
},
"expansion": "dungu (Jawi spelling دوڠو)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stupid (lacking in intelligence)"
],
"id": "en-dungu-ms-adj-jWyWdwMW",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bodoh#Malay"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duŋu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uŋu"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ŋu"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
},
{
"audio": "Ms-MY-dungu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "dungu class V",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "madungu class VI",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ma"
},
"expansion": "dungu class V (plural madungu class VI)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raised platform, pulpit"
],
"id": "en-dungu-sw-noun-BPe1rxeh",
"links": [
[
"platform",
"platform"
],
[
"pulpit",
"pulpit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Aviation",
"orig": "sw:Aviation",
"parents": [
"Aeronautics",
"Transport",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cockpit"
],
"id": "en-dungu-sw-noun-H09JVMtk",
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"cockpit",
"cockpit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) cockpit"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-dungu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Sw-ke-dungu.flac/Sw-ke-dungu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Sw-ke-dungu.flac/Sw-ke-dungu.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dungijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"id": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dong"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donge"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunga"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunge"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungō",
"t": "earth, dung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungō (“earth, dung”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungō (“earth, dung”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*dungu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dungu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earth, dirt"
],
"id": "en-dungu-gmw-pro-noun-l~u2f1Wi",
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"id": "en-dungu-gmw-pro-noun-Jho3YYzp",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dungu",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto non-lemma forms",
"Esperanto verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dungi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of dungi"
],
"links": [
[
"dungi",
"dungi#Esperanto"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-dungu.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav/LL-Q143_%28epo%29-Lepticed7-dungu.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "dungu",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian adjectives",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"dumb"
],
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "دوڠو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "دوڠو"
},
"expansion": "dungu (Jawi spelling دوڠو)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay adjectives",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/u",
"Rhymes:Malay/uŋu",
"Rhymes:Malay/ŋu"
],
"glosses": [
"stupid (lacking in intelligence)"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bodoh#Malay"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duŋu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uŋu"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ŋu"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
},
{
"audio": "Ms-MY-dungu.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Ms-MY-dungu.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dungijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung",
"id": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: dung, ding\nMiddle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: dung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: dung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: dong"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*dunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *dunga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *dunga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "donge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: donge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: donge"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dong"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dong"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tunga"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: tunga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: tunga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "tunge"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: tunge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: tunge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungō",
"t": "earth, dung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungō (“earth, dung”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungō (“earth, dung”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-o",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*dungu f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-o"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dungu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Earth"
],
"glosses": [
"earth, dirt"
],
"links": [
[
"earth",
"earth"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Agriculture",
"gmw-pro:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili class V nouns",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "dungu class V",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "madungu class VI",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ma"
},
"expansion": "dungu class V (plural madungu class VI)",
"name": "sw-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raised platform, pulpit"
],
"links": [
[
"platform",
"platform"
],
[
"pulpit",
"pulpit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sw:Aviation"
],
"glosses": [
"cockpit"
],
"links": [
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"cockpit",
"cockpit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aviation) cockpit"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-dungu.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Sw-ke-dungu.flac/Sw-ke-dungu.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Sw-ke-dungu.flac/Sw-ke-dungu.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "dungu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dungu meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.