See downward on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for downward meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "up"
},
{
"word": "upwards"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "down + -ward",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "down + -ward",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "downward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His position in society moved ever downward.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The natural disasters put downward pressure on the creditworthiness of the nation’s insurance groups.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toward a lower level, whether in physical space, in a hierarchy, or in amount or value."
],
"id": "en-downward-en-adv-OFAftMRn",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"hierarchy",
"hierarchy"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aśqa",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "аҫҡа"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tübən",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "түбән"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadolu",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "надолу"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "oman"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "omaneftir"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "niður"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "niðureftir"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "alaspäin"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "abwärts"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "nach unten"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "runter"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "dalaþ",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌸"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "מַטָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "לְמַטָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "klapei matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "כְּלַפֵּימַטָּה־"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "tāḻēkkŭ",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "താഴേക്ക്"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "ki raro"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "whakararo"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în jos"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în coborâre"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în vale"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vniz",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "вниз"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "hacia abajo"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "nedåt"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 41 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "neråt"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"At a lower level."
],
"id": "en-downward-en-adv-OvLP1mpV",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 29 3 1 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 5 1 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 5 0 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 14 5 0 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ward",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 2",
"text": "If we turn to the New World, we find that among the American Indians, from the Eskimo of Alaska downward to Brazil and still farther south, homosexual customs have been very frequently observed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Southward."
],
"id": "en-downward-en-adv-5U9iJsHV",
"links": [
[
"Southward",
"southward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-downward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "downwards"
}
],
"word": "downward"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downward dog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downward drift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downward-facing dog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "downward spiral"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "ward"
},
"expansion": "down + -ward",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "down + -ward",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "downward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spoke with a downward glance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Patricia Highsmith, chapter 7, in The Price of Salt, Mineola, New York: Dover, published 2015, page 73",
"text": "[…] Therese saw a downward slant of sadness in her mouth now, a sadness not of wisdom but of defeat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960 December, “The first hundred 25 kV a.c. electric locomotives for B.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 728",
"text": "The tractive and braking forces are transmitted to the body through a downward projecting pivot pin in the normal way.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moving, sloping or oriented downward."
],
"id": "en-downward-en-adj-8ji41v4l",
"links": [
[
"Moving",
"move"
],
[
"sloping",
"sloping"
],
[
"orient",
"orient"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spadašt",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "спадащ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "neerwaarts"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "lækkandi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "hallandi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "laskeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "nach unten gehend"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "absteigend"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "niedersinkend"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "Abwärts-"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "whakararo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "coborâtor"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "descendent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spuskájuščijsja",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "спуска́ющийся"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nisxodjáščij",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "нисходя́щий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "nedåt"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "neråt"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1793, Thomas Taylor (translator), The Phædo in The Cratylus, Phædo, Parmenides and Timæus of Plato, London: Benjamin and John White, p. 235,\n[…] often revolving itself under the earth, [the river] flows into the more downward parts of Tartarus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Located at a lower level."
],
"id": "en-downward-en-adj-JapNpwi-",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "downward"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "up"
},
{
"word": "upwards"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms suffixed with -ward",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "ward"
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"expansion": "down + -ward",
"name": "suffix"
}
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"etymology_text": "down + -ward",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "-"
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"expansion": "downward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His position in society moved ever downward.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The natural disasters put downward pressure on the creditworthiness of the nation’s insurance groups.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toward a lower level, whether in physical space, in a hierarchy, or in amount or value."
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"space",
"space"
],
[
"hierarchy",
"hierarchy"
],
[
"amount",
"amount"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"At a lower level."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, volume 2",
"text": "If we turn to the New World, we find that among the American Indians, from the Eskimo of Alaska downward to Brazil and still farther south, homosexual customs have been very frequently observed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Southward."
],
"links": [
[
"Southward",
"southward"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "down"
},
{
"word": "downwards"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "aśqa",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "аҫҡа"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "tübən",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "түбән"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nadolu",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "надолу"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "oman"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "omaneftir"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "niður"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "niðureftir"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "alaspäin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "abwärts"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "nach unten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "runter"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "dalaþ",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌸"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "מַטָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "l'matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "לְמַטָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "klapei matá",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "כְּלַפֵּימַטָּה־"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "tāḻēkkŭ",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "താഴേക്ക്"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "ki raro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "whakararo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în jos"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în coborâre"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "în vale"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vniz",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "вниз"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "hacia abajo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "nedåt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "toward a lower level",
"word": "neråt"
}
],
"word": "downward"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English terms suffixed with -ward",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncomparable adverbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "downward dog"
},
{
"word": "downward drift"
},
{
"word": "downward-facing dog"
},
{
"word": "downward spiral"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "down",
"3": "ward"
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"expansion": "down + -ward",
"name": "suffix"
}
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"etymology_text": "down + -ward",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "downward (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spoke with a downward glance.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Patricia Highsmith, chapter 7, in The Price of Salt, Mineola, New York: Dover, published 2015, page 73",
"text": "[…] Therese saw a downward slant of sadness in her mouth now, a sadness not of wisdom but of defeat.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960 December, “The first hundred 25 kV a.c. electric locomotives for B.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 728",
"text": "The tractive and braking forces are transmitted to the body through a downward projecting pivot pin in the normal way.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Moving, sloping or oriented downward."
],
"links": [
[
"Moving",
"move"
],
[
"sloping",
"sloping"
],
[
"orient",
"orient"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1793, Thomas Taylor (translator), The Phædo in The Cratylus, Phædo, Parmenides and Timæus of Plato, London: Benjamin and John White, p. 235,\n[…] often revolving itself under the earth, [the river] flows into the more downward parts of Tartarus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Located at a lower level."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwɚd/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdaʊnwəd/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-downward.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-downward.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spadašt",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "спадащ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "neerwaarts"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "lækkandi"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "hallandi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "laskeva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "nach unten gehend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "absteigend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "niedersinkend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "Abwärts-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "whakararo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "coborâtor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "descendent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "spuskájuščijsja",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "спуска́ющийся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nisxodjáščij",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "нисходя́щий"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "nedåt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "moving down",
"word": "neråt"
}
],
"word": "downward"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.