See dŵr on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dwfyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dwfyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*duβr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *duβr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰubʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "dour"
},
"expansion": "Breton dour",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "dowr"
},
"expansion": "Cornish dowr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dobhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish dobhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "uerno-dubrum"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish uerno-dubrum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyfroedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dyfroedd"
},
"expansion": "dŵr m (plural dyfroedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "cy:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "watercress",
"word": "berwr y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "cucumber",
"word": "chwerwddwr"
},
{
"english": "hard water",
"word": "dŵr caled"
},
{
"english": "fresh water",
"word": "dŵr croyw"
},
{
"english": "ground water",
"word": "dŵr daear"
},
{
"english": "snowmelt, snow water",
"word": "dŵr eira"
},
{
"english": "run-off",
"word": "dŵr ffo"
},
{
"english": "rainwater",
"word": "dŵr glaw"
},
{
"english": "barley water",
"word": "dŵr haidd"
},
{
"english": "salt water",
"word": "dŵr hallt"
},
{
"english": "brackish water",
"word": "dŵr lled hallt"
},
{
"english": "still water",
"word": "dŵr llonydd"
},
{
"english": "soft water",
"word": "dŵr meddal"
},
{
"english": "mineral water",
"word": "dŵr mwynol"
},
{
"english": "sparkling water",
"word": "dŵr pefriog"
},
{
"english": "hot water; heartburn",
"word": "dŵr poeth"
},
{
"english": "soda water",
"word": "dŵr soda"
},
{
"english": "holy water",
"word": "dŵr swyn"
},
{
"english": "meltwater",
"word": "dŵr tawdd"
},
{
"english": "surface water",
"word": "dŵr wyneb"
},
{
"english": "sea water",
"word": "dŵr y môr"
},
{
"english": "drinking water, potable water",
"word": "dŵr yfed"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "dwrgi"
},
{
"english": "waterlogged",
"word": "dwrlawn"
},
{
"english": "milk diluted with water",
"word": "glastwr"
},
{
"word": "gwneud dŵr"
},
{
"english": "to urinate",
"word": "taflu dŵr"
},
{
"english": "The rich tend to get richer",
"word": "i'r pant y rhed y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "Blood is thicker than water",
"word": "mae gwaed yn dewach na dŵr"
},
{
"english": "stagnant water",
"word": "merddwr"
},
{
"english": "water strider",
"word": "rhiain y dŵr"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"text": "Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-dŵr-cy-noun-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:dŵr"
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "dŵr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tŵr"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "cy:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tower",
"word": "tŵr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of tŵr (“tower”)."
],
"id": "en-dŵr-cy-noun-Jh7GnAsQ",
"links": [
[
"tŵr",
"tŵr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"cy:Nature",
"cy:Water"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "watercress",
"word": "berwr y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "cucumber",
"word": "chwerwddwr"
},
{
"english": "hard water",
"word": "dŵr caled"
},
{
"english": "fresh water",
"word": "dŵr croyw"
},
{
"english": "ground water",
"word": "dŵr daear"
},
{
"english": "snowmelt, snow water",
"word": "dŵr eira"
},
{
"english": "run-off",
"word": "dŵr ffo"
},
{
"english": "rainwater",
"word": "dŵr glaw"
},
{
"english": "barley water",
"word": "dŵr haidd"
},
{
"english": "salt water",
"word": "dŵr hallt"
},
{
"english": "brackish water",
"word": "dŵr lled hallt"
},
{
"english": "still water",
"word": "dŵr llonydd"
},
{
"english": "soft water",
"word": "dŵr meddal"
},
{
"english": "mineral water",
"word": "dŵr mwynol"
},
{
"english": "sparkling water",
"word": "dŵr pefriog"
},
{
"english": "hot water; heartburn",
"word": "dŵr poeth"
},
{
"english": "soda water",
"word": "dŵr soda"
},
{
"english": "holy water",
"word": "dŵr swyn"
},
{
"english": "meltwater",
"word": "dŵr tawdd"
},
{
"english": "surface water",
"word": "dŵr wyneb"
},
{
"english": "sea water",
"word": "dŵr y môr"
},
{
"english": "drinking water, potable water",
"word": "dŵr yfed"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "dwrgi"
},
{
"english": "waterlogged",
"word": "dwrlawn"
},
{
"english": "milk diluted with water",
"word": "glastwr"
},
{
"word": "gwneud dŵr"
},
{
"english": "to urinate",
"word": "taflu dŵr"
},
{
"english": "The rich tend to get richer",
"word": "i'r pant y rhed y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "Blood is thicker than water",
"word": "mae gwaed yn dewach na dŵr"
},
{
"english": "stagnant water",
"word": "merddwr"
},
{
"english": "water strider",
"word": "rhiain y dŵr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dwfyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dwfyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*duβr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *duβr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰubʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "dour"
},
"expansion": "Breton dour",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "dowr"
},
"expansion": "Cornish dowr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dobhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish dobhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "uerno-dubrum"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish uerno-dubrum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyfroedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dyfroedd"
},
"expansion": "dŵr m (plural dyfroedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"text": "Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:dŵr"
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr/1 syllable",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"cy:Nature",
"cy:Water"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "dŵr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tŵr"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tower",
"word": "tŵr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of tŵr (“tower”)."
],
"links": [
[
"tŵr",
"tŵr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dŵr meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.