See dŵr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dwfyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dwfyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*duβr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *duβr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰubʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "dour"
},
"expansion": "Breton dour",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "dowr"
},
"expansion": "Cornish dowr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dobhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish dobhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "uerno-dubrum"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish uerno-dubrum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyfroedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dyfroedd"
},
"expansion": "dŵr m (plural dyfroedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "cy:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "watercress",
"translation": "watercress",
"word": "berwr y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "cucumber",
"translation": "cucumber",
"word": "chwerwddwr"
},
{
"english": "hard water",
"translation": "hard water",
"word": "dŵr caled"
},
{
"english": "fresh water",
"translation": "fresh water",
"word": "dŵr croyw"
},
{
"english": "ground water",
"translation": "ground water",
"word": "dŵr daear"
},
{
"english": "snowmelt, snow water",
"translation": "snowmelt, snow water",
"word": "dŵr eira"
},
{
"english": "run-off",
"translation": "run-off",
"word": "dŵr ffo"
},
{
"english": "rainwater",
"translation": "rainwater",
"word": "dŵr glaw"
},
{
"english": "barley water",
"translation": "barley water",
"word": "dŵr haidd"
},
{
"english": "salt water",
"translation": "salt water",
"word": "dŵr hallt"
},
{
"english": "brackish water",
"translation": "brackish water",
"word": "dŵr lled hallt"
},
{
"english": "still water",
"translation": "still water",
"word": "dŵr llonydd"
},
{
"english": "soft water",
"translation": "soft water",
"word": "dŵr meddal"
},
{
"english": "mineral water",
"translation": "mineral water",
"word": "dŵr mwynol"
},
{
"english": "sparkling water",
"translation": "sparkling water",
"word": "dŵr pefriog"
},
{
"english": "hot water; heartburn",
"translation": "hot water; heartburn",
"word": "dŵr poeth"
},
{
"english": "soda water",
"translation": "soda water",
"word": "dŵr soda"
},
{
"english": "holy water",
"translation": "holy water",
"word": "dŵr swyn"
},
{
"english": "meltwater",
"translation": "meltwater",
"word": "dŵr tawdd"
},
{
"english": "surface water",
"translation": "surface water",
"word": "dŵr wyneb"
},
{
"english": "sea water",
"translation": "sea water",
"word": "dŵr y môr"
},
{
"english": "drinking water, potable water",
"translation": "drinking water, potable water",
"word": "dŵr yfed"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"translation": "otter",
"word": "dwrgi"
},
{
"english": "waterlogged",
"translation": "waterlogged",
"word": "dwrlawn"
},
{
"english": "milk diluted with water",
"translation": "milk diluted with water",
"word": "glastwr"
},
{
"word": "gwneud dŵr"
},
{
"english": "to urinate",
"translation": "to urinate",
"word": "taflu dŵr"
},
{
"english": "The rich tend to get richer",
"translation": "The rich tend to get richer",
"word": "i'r pant y rhed y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "Blood is thicker than water",
"translation": "Blood is thicker than water",
"word": "mae gwaed yn dewach na dŵr"
},
{
"english": "watermill",
"translation": "watermill",
"word": "melin ddŵr"
},
{
"english": "stagnant water",
"translation": "stagnant water",
"word": "merddwr"
},
{
"english": "water parsnips",
"translation": "water parsnips",
"word": "pannas y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "water strider",
"translation": "water strider",
"word": "rhiain y dŵr"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"text": "Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.",
"translation": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-dŵr-cy-noun-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:dŵr"
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "dŵr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tŵr"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Nature",
"orig": "cy:Nature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tower",
"word": "tŵr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soft mutation of tŵr (“tower”)"
],
"id": "en-dŵr-cy-noun-3hEDcZZq",
"links": [
[
"tŵr",
"tŵr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewbʰ-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"cy:Nature",
"cy:Water"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "watercress",
"translation": "watercress",
"word": "berwr y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "cucumber",
"translation": "cucumber",
"word": "chwerwddwr"
},
{
"english": "hard water",
"translation": "hard water",
"word": "dŵr caled"
},
{
"english": "fresh water",
"translation": "fresh water",
"word": "dŵr croyw"
},
{
"english": "ground water",
"translation": "ground water",
"word": "dŵr daear"
},
{
"english": "snowmelt, snow water",
"translation": "snowmelt, snow water",
"word": "dŵr eira"
},
{
"english": "run-off",
"translation": "run-off",
"word": "dŵr ffo"
},
{
"english": "rainwater",
"translation": "rainwater",
"word": "dŵr glaw"
},
{
"english": "barley water",
"translation": "barley water",
"word": "dŵr haidd"
},
{
"english": "salt water",
"translation": "salt water",
"word": "dŵr hallt"
},
{
"english": "brackish water",
"translation": "brackish water",
"word": "dŵr lled hallt"
},
{
"english": "still water",
"translation": "still water",
"word": "dŵr llonydd"
},
{
"english": "soft water",
"translation": "soft water",
"word": "dŵr meddal"
},
{
"english": "mineral water",
"translation": "mineral water",
"word": "dŵr mwynol"
},
{
"english": "sparkling water",
"translation": "sparkling water",
"word": "dŵr pefriog"
},
{
"english": "hot water; heartburn",
"translation": "hot water; heartburn",
"word": "dŵr poeth"
},
{
"english": "soda water",
"translation": "soda water",
"word": "dŵr soda"
},
{
"english": "holy water",
"translation": "holy water",
"word": "dŵr swyn"
},
{
"english": "meltwater",
"translation": "meltwater",
"word": "dŵr tawdd"
},
{
"english": "surface water",
"translation": "surface water",
"word": "dŵr wyneb"
},
{
"english": "sea water",
"translation": "sea water",
"word": "dŵr y môr"
},
{
"english": "drinking water, potable water",
"translation": "drinking water, potable water",
"word": "dŵr yfed"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"translation": "otter",
"word": "dwrgi"
},
{
"english": "waterlogged",
"translation": "waterlogged",
"word": "dwrlawn"
},
{
"english": "milk diluted with water",
"translation": "milk diluted with water",
"word": "glastwr"
},
{
"word": "gwneud dŵr"
},
{
"english": "to urinate",
"translation": "to urinate",
"word": "taflu dŵr"
},
{
"english": "The rich tend to get richer",
"translation": "The rich tend to get richer",
"word": "i'r pant y rhed y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "Blood is thicker than water",
"translation": "Blood is thicker than water",
"word": "mae gwaed yn dewach na dŵr"
},
{
"english": "watermill",
"translation": "watermill",
"word": "melin ddŵr"
},
{
"english": "stagnant water",
"translation": "stagnant water",
"word": "merddwr"
},
{
"english": "water parsnips",
"translation": "water parsnips",
"word": "pannas y dŵr"
},
{
"english": "water strider",
"translation": "water strider",
"word": "rhiain y dŵr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "dwfyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dwfyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*duβr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *duβr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰubʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "dour"
},
"expansion": "Breton dour",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "dowr"
},
"expansion": "Cornish dowr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dobhar"
},
"expansion": "Irish dobhar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "uerno-dubrum"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish uerno-dubrum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh dwfyr, from Proto-Brythonic *duβr, from Proto-Celtic *dubros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubʰrós (“deep”). Compare Breton dour, Cornish dowr, Irish dobhar, Gaulish uerno-dubrum (name of a river).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dyfroedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dyfroedd"
},
"expansion": "dŵr m (plural dyfroedd)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"text": "Mae dŵr yn hanfodol i fywyd pob anifail.",
"translation": "Water is essential to the life of every animal.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:dŵr"
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr",
"Rhymes:Welsh/uːr/1 syllable",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"cy:Nature",
"cy:Water"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "thŵr",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "dwfr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "dŵr",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tŵr"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tower",
"word": "tŵr"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soft mutation of tŵr (“tower”)"
],
"links": [
[
"tŵr",
"tŵr#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duːr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːr"
}
],
"word": "dŵr"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dŵr meaning in Welsh (7.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dŵr/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dŵr"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dŵr",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.