See crowen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for crowen meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crowynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crow"
},
"expansion": "English: crow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "craw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: craw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: craw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krāan",
"t": "to crow, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan (“to crow, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *krāan (“to crow, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycrowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "crowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crow",
"2": "crew",
"c": "7",
"y": "p2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 12 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crow (make the noise of a rooster)"
],
"id": "en-crowen-enm-verb-pV80g47F",
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#English"
],
[
"rooster",
"rooster#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 16 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 16 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 12 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 76",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make other noises typical of birds; to produce birdsong."
],
"id": "en-crowen-enm-verb-qadR6B8G",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"typical",
"typical"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"birdsong",
"birdsong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑu̯ən/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crawe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"word": "crowen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crāwe"
},
"expansion": "crāwe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crowe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "crowe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan, plural of crāwe; equivalent to crowe + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun plural form"
},
"expansion": "crowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 12 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of crowe"
],
"id": "en-crowen-enm-noun-gfGX~QoD",
"links": [
[
"crowe",
"crowe#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of crowe"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "crowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gerh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Animal sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crowe"
},
{
"word": "crowynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crow"
},
"expansion": "English: crow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: crow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "craw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: craw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: craw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krāan",
"t": "to crow, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krāan (“to crow, shout”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan, from Proto-West Germanic *krāan (“to crow, shout”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crowest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "croweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crew",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "croweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crowynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycrowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "crowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crow",
"2": "crew",
"c": "7",
"y": "p2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To crow (make the noise of a rooster)"
],
"links": [
[
"crow",
"crow"
],
[
"noise",
"noise#English"
],
[
"rooster",
"rooster#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make other noises typical of birds; to produce birdsong."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"typical",
"typical"
],
[
"bird",
"bird"
],
[
"birdsong",
"birdsong"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɑu̯ən/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔu̯ən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crawe"
},
{
"word": "crawen"
},
{
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"word": "crowen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"enm:Animal sounds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "crāwan"
},
"expansion": "Old English crāwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crāwe"
},
"expansion": "crāwe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crowe",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "crowe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English crāwan, plural of crāwe; equivalent to crowe + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun plural form"
},
"expansion": "crowen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of crowe"
],
"links": [
[
"crowe",
"crowe#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of crowe"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "crowen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.