See craobhach on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for craobhach meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cráebach",
"4": "",
"5": "branches, branch-wood"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cráebach (“branches, branch-wood”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cráeb",
"3": "",
"4": "branch"
},
"expansion": "cráeb (“branch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "craobh"
},
"expansion": "craobh",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cráebach (“branches, branch-wood”), from cráeb (“branch”) (compare modern craobh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-plural",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "an chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "craobhaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "craobhach m (genitive singular craobhaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "craobhaigh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "craobhach m (genitive singular craobhaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "raobhach",
"3": "raobhaigh"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m1-nopl"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 18 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 17 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"branches"
],
"id": "en-craobhach-ga-noun-3OGQU1EE",
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) branches"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠeːvˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "craobhach"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "candelabrum",
"word": "coinnleoir craobhach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cráebach",
"t": "having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cráebach (“having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cráeb",
"t": "branch"
},
"expansion": "cráeb (“branch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "craobh",
"3": "-ach",
"pos": "adjective",
"t1": "branch"
},
"expansion": "craobh (“branch”) + -ach",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cráebach (“having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued”), from cráeb (“branch”); equivalent to craobh (“branch”) + -ach.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaí",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "not comparable",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "not comparable",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "gcraobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "craobhacha",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl2}}}",
"13": "not comparable",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "genitive singular masculine",
"4": "craobhaigh",
"5": "genitive singular feminine",
"6": "craobhaí",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{gsf2}}}",
"9": "plural",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "craobhach (genitive singular masculine craobhaigh, genitive singular feminine craobhaí, plural craobhacha, not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "-",
"gsf": "craobhaí",
"gsm": "craobhaigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"expansion": "craobhach (genitive singular masculine craobhaigh, genitive singular feminine craobhaí, plural craobhacha, not comparable)",
"name": "ga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "raobhach",
"comp": "-",
"gsf": "raobhaí",
"gsm": "raobhaigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"name": "ga-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 18 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 17 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"branched, branching"
],
"id": "en-craobhach-ga-adj-kUfTzTmQ",
"links": [
[
"branched",
"branched"
],
[
"branching",
"branching"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 18 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 17 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ramose; arabesque (of design)"
],
"id": "en-craobhach-ga-adj-RBOSBrj3",
"links": [
[
"ramose",
"ramose"
],
[
"arabesque",
"arabesque"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 18 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 17 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flowing, spreading"
],
"id": "en-craobhach-ga-adj-cGcu6WoJ",
"links": [
[
"flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"spreading",
"spreading"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "ga:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 18 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 17 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dendritic"
],
"id": "en-craobhach-ga-adj-uTzeHInS",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"dendritic",
"dendritic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) dendritic"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠeːvˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "craobhach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjectives",
"Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-declension nouns",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish masculine nouns",
"Irish nouns",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Irish uncomparable adjectives"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cráebach",
"4": "",
"5": "branches, branch-wood"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cráebach (“branches, branch-wood”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cráeb",
"3": "",
"4": "branch"
},
"expansion": "cráeb (“branch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "craobh"
},
"expansion": "craobh",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cráebach (“branches, branch-wood”), from cráeb (“branch”) (compare modern craobh).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-plural",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "a chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m1-nopl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "an chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an gcraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "craobhaigh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "craobhach m (genitive singular craobhaigh)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "craobhaigh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "craobhach m (genitive singular craobhaigh)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "raobhach",
"3": "raobhaigh"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m1-nopl"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"branches"
],
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) branches"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠeːvˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "craobhach"
}
{
"categories": [
"Irish adjectives",
"Irish adjectives suffixed with -ach",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Irish uncomparable adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "candelabrum",
"word": "coinnleoir craobhach"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "cráebach",
"t": "having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cráebach (“having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cráeb",
"t": "branch"
},
"expansion": "cráeb (“branch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "craobh",
"3": "-ach",
"pos": "adjective",
"t1": "branch"
},
"expansion": "craobh (“branch”) + -ach",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish cráebach (“having branches, branchy; of hair: branching, in locks, tressed; woody; winding; arabesqued”), from cráeb (“branch”); equivalent to craobh (“branch”) + -ach.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craobhaigh",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaí",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhaigh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhacha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "not comparable",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "not comparable",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chraobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "gcraobhach",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "craobhacha",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl2}}}",
"13": "not comparable",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "genitive singular masculine",
"4": "craobhaigh",
"5": "genitive singular feminine",
"6": "craobhaí",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{gsf2}}}",
"9": "plural",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "craobhach (genitive singular masculine craobhaigh, genitive singular feminine craobhaí, plural craobhacha, not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "-",
"gsf": "craobhaí",
"gsm": "craobhaigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"expansion": "craobhach (genitive singular masculine craobhaigh, genitive singular feminine craobhaí, plural craobhacha, not comparable)",
"name": "ga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "raobhach",
"comp": "-",
"gsf": "raobhaí",
"gsm": "raobhaigh",
"pl": "~a"
},
"name": "ga-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"branched, branching"
],
"links": [
[
"branched",
"branched"
],
[
"branching",
"branching"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ramose; arabesque (of design)"
],
"links": [
[
"ramose",
"ramose"
],
[
"arabesque",
"arabesque"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"flowing, spreading"
],
"links": [
[
"flowing",
"flowing"
],
[
"spreading",
"spreading"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ga:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"dendritic"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"dendritic",
"dendritic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) dendritic"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠeːvˠəx/",
"tags": [
"Munster"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwəx/",
"tags": [
"Connacht"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾˠiːwa(x)/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "craobhach"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.