See counterfactual on Wiktionary
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"ref": "2010 September 1, Ross Douthat, “Iraq in the Long Run”, in New York Times, retrieved 2021-07-15:",
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"ref": "2015 December 3, Lee Drutman, “Here's the real reason we don't have gun reform”, in Vox:",
"text": "The implicit counterfactual — that these members would support gun control if not for the $1,000 they received from the NRA — seems unlikely to me.",
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"ref": "2016 February 11, Noah Berlatsky, quoting Neal Roese, “'What if?': Why we can't get enough of counterfactual shows”, in The Guardian:",
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"ref": "2021 May 14, Dashiell Young-Saver, “The Math of Ending the Pandemic: Exponential Growth and Decay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
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"args": {},
"expansion": "counterfactual (plural counterfactuals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "alternate history"
},
{
"word": "alternate universe"
},
{
"word": "alternative fact"
},
{
"word": "what if"
},
{
"word": "what-if"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments"
],
"glosses": [
"A claim, hypothesis, or other belief that is contrary to the facts."
],
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"hypothesis",
"hypothesis"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "counterfact"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "misapprehension"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "misconception"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "misunderstanding"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "falsehood"
},
{
"word": ";"
},
{
"word": "misinformation"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004 September 5, Laura Miller, “Imagine”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Just as counterfactuals employ too much imagination to qualify as historical works, alternate history often labors under too great a load of artificial \"facts\" to take flight as fiction.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010 September 1, Ross Douthat, “Iraq in the Long Run”, in New York Times, retrieved 2021-07-15:",
"text": "We can spin out complicated counterfactuals that justify the Iraq invasion, and complicated counterfactuals that make it look even worse.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 December 3, Lee Drutman, “Here's the real reason we don't have gun reform”, in Vox:",
"text": "The implicit counterfactual — that these members would support gun control if not for the $1,000 they received from the NRA — seems unlikely to me.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 February 11, Noah Berlatsky, quoting Neal Roese, “'What if?': Why we can't get enough of counterfactual shows”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Roese also says counterfactuals can serve emotional purposes. You can think about how things could have been worse, and so feel better about yourself, and grateful for where you are.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 May 14, Dashiell Young-Saver, “The Math of Ending the Pandemic: Exponential Growth and Decay”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "Imagine a counterfactual in which we started relaxing restrictions at an even earlier time, just as the cases began to trend downward.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hypothetical state of the world, used to assess the impact of an action."
],
"links": [
[
"hypothetical",
"hypothetical"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"glosses": [
"A conditional statement in which the conditional clause is false."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"conditional",
"conditional"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"clause",
"clause"
],
[
"false",
"false"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, philosophy) A conditional statement in which the conditional clause is false."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaʊntɚˈfæktʃuəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkaʊn.tə(ɹ)ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-counterfactual.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-counterfactual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-counterfactual.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-counterfactual.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-counterfactual.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "counterfactual"
}
Download raw JSONL data for counterfactual meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.