See compulsion on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compulsional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compulsionary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compulsion loop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noncompulsion"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "compulsion"
},
"expansion": "Middle French compulsion",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "compulsiō"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin compulsiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "compellere",
"4": "",
"5": "to compel, coerce"
},
"expansion": "Latin compellere (“to compel, coerce”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French compulsion, from Late Latin compulsiō, from Latin compellere (“to compel, coerce”); see compel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "compulsions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "compulsion (countable and uncountable, plural compulsions)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compulsive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "compulsory"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During the basketball game, I had a sudden compulsion to have a smoke.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:",
"text": "It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: perhaps out of a desire to escape the gravity of this world or to get a preview of the next; […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences."
],
"id": "en-compulsion-en-noun-MjSMOk2i",
"links": [
[
"irrational",
"irrational"
],
[
"irresistible",
"irresistible"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poriv",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "порив"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsió"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nutkání"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "dwang"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "drang"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "pakkotoiminto"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Zwangneurose"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "kényszer"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "késztetés"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "éigeantas"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsão"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constrângere"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"alt": "необъясни́мый",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позы́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"alt": "иррациона́льное",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жела́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porýv",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поры́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsión"
}
]
},
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1941 May, “Jubilee of the City Tube”, in Railway Magazine, page 223:",
"text": "From the opening of the City & South London Railway independent electric locomotives were used under compulsion of the Board of Trade.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 January 17, “Wealthy cabals run America”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:",
"text": "But Treaty translator and Ottawa leader Andrew Blackbird described the Treaty as made “not with the free will of the Indians, but by compulsion.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The use of authority, influence, or other power to force (compel) a person or persons to act."
],
"id": "en-compulsion-en-noun-fxfelUyC",
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "принуда"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "pakottaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "prema"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iʒuleba",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "იძულება"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "k'fiyá",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כְּפִיָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ónes",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֹנֶס"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "kényszer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "kényszerítés"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "erőszak"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coactus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "uruhanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "saktī",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सक्ती"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsão"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coacción"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 69 30",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coerción"
}
]
},
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{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "en:Human behaviour",
"parents": [
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],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"The lawful use of violence (i.e. by the administration)."
],
"id": "en-compulsion-en-noun-UKkrxQK4",
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[
"lawful",
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],
[
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],
[
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"administration"
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],
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "2 29 69",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
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"word": "принуда"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 29 69",
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"lang": "Finnish",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "pakkokeinot"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 29 69",
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"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
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"neuter"
],
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 29 69",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "2 29 69",
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"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coerción"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kəm-pŭl'shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/",
"tags": [
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"word": "compulsion"
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"3": "compulsiō",
"4": "compulsiōnem"
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"expansion": "Latin compulsiōnem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin compulsiōnem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "compulsions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"word": "compulsional"
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"5": "to compel, coerce"
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"text": "During the basketball game, I had a sudden compulsion to have a smoke.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:",
"text": "It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: perhaps out of a desire to escape the gravity of this world or to get a preview of the next; […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences."
],
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],
[
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[
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"ref": "1941 May, “Jubilee of the City Tube”, in Railway Magazine, page 223:",
"text": "From the opening of the City & South London Railway independent electric locomotives were used under compulsion of the Board of Trade.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 January 17, “Wealthy cabals run America”, in Al Jazeera America, retrieved 2016-01-18:",
"text": "But Treaty translator and Ottawa leader Andrew Blackbird described the Treaty as made “not with the free will of the Indians, but by compulsion.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The use of authority, influence, or other power to force (compel) a person or persons to act."
],
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"power",
"power"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The lawful use of violence (i.e. by the administration)."
],
"links": [
[
"lawful",
"lawful"
],
[
"violence",
"violence"
],
[
"administration",
"administration"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kəm-pŭl'shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-compulsion.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poriv",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "порив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsió"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nutkání"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "dwang"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "drang"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "pakko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "pakkotoiminto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"psychology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "Zwangneurose"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "kényszer"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"word": "késztetés"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "éigeantas"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "constrângere"
},
{
"alt": "необъясни́мый",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "позы́в"
},
{
"alt": "иррациона́льное",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жела́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porýv",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поры́в"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "irrational need to perform some action",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsión"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "принуда"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "pakottaminen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "prema"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iʒuleba",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "იძულება"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "k'fiyá",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כְּפִיָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ónes",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֹנֶס"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "kényszer"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "kényszerítés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "erőszak"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coactus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"word": "uruhanga"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "saktī",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "सक्ती"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "compulsão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coacción"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "use of power to force a person to act",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coerción"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinuda",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"word": "принуда"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "pakkokeinot"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prinuždénije",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "принужде́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coacción"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "lawful use of violence",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coerción"
}
],
"word": "compulsion"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "compulsiō",
"4": "compulsiōnem"
},
"expansion": "Latin compulsiōnem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin compulsiōnem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "compulsions",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "compulsion f (plural compulsions)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "compulsif"
},
{
"word": "compulsionnel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Human behaviour"
],
"glosses": [
"compulsion"
],
"links": [
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ̃.pyl.sjɔ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-compulsion.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-compulsion.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-compulsion.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-compulsion.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-compulsion.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "compulsion"
}
Download raw JSONL data for compulsion meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": (neobʺjasnímyj) pozýv vs. необъясни́мый",
"path": [
"compulsion"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "compulsion",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": (irracionálʹnoje) želánije vs. иррациона́льное",
"path": [
"compulsion"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "compulsion",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.