"carcer" meaning in All languages combined

See carcer on Wiktionary

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈkar.ker/ [Classical], [ˈkärkɛr] [Classical], /ˈkar.t͡ʃer/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈkärt͡ʃer] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension. Etymology templates: {{der|la|itc-pro|*karkros}} Proto-Italic *karkros, {{der|la|ine-pro|*kr-kr-|t=circular}} Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), {{m|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend}} *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), {{glossary|doublet}} doublet, {{m|la|cancer}} cancer, {{m|la|circus}} circus, {{m|la|curvus}} curvus, {{m|la|crux}} crux, {{m|la|crīnis}} crīnis, {{m|la|crispus}} crispus, {{cog|en|ring}} English ring Head templates: {{la-noun|carcer/carcer<3>|g=m}} carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|carcer/carcer<3>}} Forms: carceris [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], carcer [nominative, singular], carcerēs [nominative, plural], carceris [genitive, singular], carcerum [genitive, plural], carcerī [dative, singular], carceribus [dative, plural], carcerem [accusative, singular], carcerēs [accusative, plural], carcere [ablative, singular], carceribus [ablative, plural], carcer [singular, vocative], carcerēs [plural, vocative]
  1. prison, jail Tags: declension-3, masculine Synonyms: tenebrae, carcellāria [Mediaeval]
    Sense id: en-carcer-la-noun-6QcC1esD
  2. jailbird Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-carcer-la-noun-pTIAxkZo Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 1 57 4 11 27
  3. traps (barriers at start of a horse race) Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-carcer-la-noun-yK2ja4Qb
  4. commencement, beginning Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-carcer-la-noun-VRz2xttX
  5. starting gate Tags: declension-3, masculine Categories (topical): Equestrianism
    Sense id: en-carcer-la-noun-n6VtF1iF Disambiguation of Equestrianism: 2 30 6 6 57 Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 16 19 16 20 29
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: carcerālis, carcerārius, carcereus, carcerō, incarcerō

Noun [Old Galician-Portuguese]

IPA: /ˈkaɾ.t͡seɾ/
Etymology: From Latin carcer, carcerem. Etymology templates: {{inh|roa-opt|la|carcer, carcerem}} Latin carcer, carcerem Head templates: {{head|roa-opt|noun|||g=f|head=}} carcer f, {{roa-opt-noun|f}} carcer f
  1. jail, prison Tags: feminine Synonyms: carcel
    Sense id: en-carcer-roa-opt-noun-pl-jg0gD Categories (other): Old Galician-Portuguese entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for carcer meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "carcerālis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "carcerārius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "carcereus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "carcerō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "incarcerō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "càrcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Catalan: càrcer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "carçre"
          },
          "expansion": "carçre",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Catalan: càrcer/carçre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "càrcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: càrcer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: càrcer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chartre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chartre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chartre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "carcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: carcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: carcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "carcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel\nGalician: cárcere\nPortuguese: cárcere",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel\nGalician: cárcere\nPortuguese: cárcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "carceră"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: carceră",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: carceră"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "càrzaru"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: càrzaru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: càrzaru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "carcel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: carcel\nSpanish: cárcel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: carcel\nSpanish: cárcel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*karxar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xbm",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Breton: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Breton: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "carhar"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: carhar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: carhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Karzer",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Karzer (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*karkārī",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "incarcerate",
            "der": "1",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "carcar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Irish: carcar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*karkros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *karkros",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kr-kr-",
        "t": "circular"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "doublet"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cancer"
      },
      "expansion": "cancer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "circus"
      },
      "expansion": "circus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "curvus"
      },
      "expansion": "curvus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crux"
      },
      "expansion": "crux",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crīnis"
      },
      "expansion": "crīnis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crispus"
      },
      "expansion": "crispus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "English ring",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of \"enclosure\", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carceris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carcer/carcer<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carcer/carcer<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prison, jail"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-la-noun-6QcC1esD",
      "links": [
        [
          "prison",
          "prison"
        ],
        [
          "jail",
          "jail"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tenebrae"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mediaeval"
          ],
          "word": "carcellāria"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 57 4 11 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jailbird"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-la-noun-pTIAxkZo",
      "links": [
        [
          "jailbird",
          "jailbird"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "traps (barriers at start of a horse race)"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-la-noun-yK2ja4Qb",
      "links": [
        [
          "traps",
          "traps"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "commencement, beginning"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-la-noun-VRz2xttX",
      "links": [
        [
          "commencement",
          "commencement"
        ],
        [
          "beginning",
          "beginning"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 19 16 20 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 30 6 6 57",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Equestrianism",
          "orig": "la:Equestrianism",
          "parents": [
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.",
          "text": "Ad carceres a calce revocari.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "starting gate"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-la-noun-n6VtF1iF",
      "links": [
        [
          "starting",
          "starting"
        ],
        [
          "gate",
          "gate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ker/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärkɛr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.t͡ʃer/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärt͡ʃer]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carcer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "cárcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: cárcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: cárcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cárcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cárcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cárcere"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roa-opt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "carcer, carcerem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin carcer, carcerem",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin carcer, carcerem.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roa-opt",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "carcer f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "carcer f",
      "name": "roa-opt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "roa-opt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Galician-Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.",
          "ref": "13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 149 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/290small.gif] facsimile])",
          "text": "eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jail, prison"
      ],
      "id": "en-carcer-roa-opt-noun-pl-jg0gD",
      "links": [
        [
          "jail",
          "jail#English"
        ],
        [
          "prison",
          "prison#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carcel"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.t͡seɾ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carcer"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "la:Equestrianism"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "carcerālis"
    },
    {
      "word": "carcerārius"
    },
    {
      "word": "carcereus"
    },
    {
      "word": "carcerō"
    },
    {
      "word": "incarcerō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "càrcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Catalan: càrcer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "carçre"
          },
          "expansion": "carçre",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Catalan: càrcer/carçre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "càrcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: càrcer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: càrcer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "chartre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: chartre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: chartre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "carcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: carcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: carcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "carcer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel\nGalician: cárcere\nPortuguese: cárcere",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel\nGalician: cárcere\nPortuguese: cárcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "carceră"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: carceră",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: carceră"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "càrzaru"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: càrzaru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: càrzaru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osp",
            "2": "carcel"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Spanish: carcel\nSpanish: cárcel",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Spanish: carcel\nSpanish: cárcel"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*karxar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xbm",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Breton: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Breton: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "carhar"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: carhar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: carhar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "carchar"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: carchar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: carchar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Karzer",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Karzer (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*karkārī",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "incarcerate",
            "der": "1",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "carcar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Irish: carcar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*karkros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *karkros",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kr-kr-",
        "t": "circular"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "doublet"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cancer"
      },
      "expansion": "cancer",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "circus"
      },
      "expansion": "circus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "curvus"
      },
      "expansion": "curvus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crux"
      },
      "expansion": "crux",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crīnis"
      },
      "expansion": "crīnis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "crispus"
      },
      "expansion": "crispus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ring"
      },
      "expansion": "English ring",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of \"enclosure\", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carceris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcere",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carceribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carcerēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carcer/carcer<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "carcer/carcer<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "prison, jail"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prison",
          "prison"
        ],
        [
          "jail",
          "jail"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tenebrae"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mediaeval"
          ],
          "word": "carcellāria"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "jailbird"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jailbird",
          "jailbird"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "traps (barriers at start of a horse race)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "traps",
          "traps"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "commencement, beginning"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commencement",
          "commencement"
        ],
        [
          "beginning",
          "beginning"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.",
          "text": "Ad carceres a calce revocari.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "starting gate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "starting",
          "starting"
        ],
        [
          "gate",
          "gate"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.ker/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärkɛr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkar.t͡ʃer/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkärt͡ʃer]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carcer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "cárcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: cárcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: cárcere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "cárcere"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: cárcere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: cárcere"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roa-opt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "carcer, carcerem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin carcer, carcerem",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin carcer, carcerem.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roa-opt",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "g": "f",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "carcer f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "carcer f",
      "name": "roa-opt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "roa-opt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Galician-Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese feminine nouns",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese lemmas",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese nouns",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
        "Old Galician-Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.",
          "ref": "13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 149 ([[http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cantigas/facsimiles/E/290small.gif] facsimile])",
          "text": "eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jail, prison"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jail",
          "jail#English"
        ],
        [
          "prison",
          "prison#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaɾ.t͡seɾ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "carcel"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carcer"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.