See bolgia on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for bolgia meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "bolgia",
"4": "",
"5": "ditch, trench"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian bolgia (“ditch, trench”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "Old French bolge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bulga",
"4": "",
"5": "wallet, purse"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "bolgā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish bolgā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bolgos",
"4": "",
"5": "sack, bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "budge",
"3": "bulge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of budge and bulge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian bolgia (“ditch, trench”), from Old French bolge, bouge, from Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”), from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”). Doublet of budge and bulge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolgias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "bolgia (plural bolgias or bolge)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the divisions of the eighth circle of Hell, Malebolge, in Dante's Divine Comedy."
],
"id": "en-bolgia-en-noun-UW4wwXlE",
"links": [
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
],
[
"Malebolge",
"Malebolge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bolgia"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bolgetta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Malebolge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sbolgiare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "Old French bolge",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bulga",
"4": "",
"5": "wallet, purse"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "bolgā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish bolgā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bolgos",
"4": "",
"5": "sack, bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Old French bolge, bouge, from Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”) (or less likely directly from an adjectival form bulgea), from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bolgia f (plural bolge)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bòl‧gia"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 39 1 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bag, a pouch, especially one which opens longways"
],
"id": "en-bolgia-it-noun-K557WWWd",
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a bag, a pouch, especially one which opens longways"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 39 1 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ditch, a trench, a hole in the ground"
],
"id": "en-bolgia-it-noun-K4wtygb1",
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a ditch, a trench, a hole in the ground"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fossa"
},
{
"word": "fosso"
},
{
"word": "fossato"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the slope there to the right allows us\nto make our way into the other ditch,\nwe shall escape the chase we both envision.",
"ref": "1308–1321, Dante Alighieri (translated by Robert and Jean Hollander, 2000), Commedìa (The Inferno), canto 23, lines 31–33",
"roman": "noi fuggirem l'imaginata caccia.",
"text": "S'elli è che sì la destra costa giaccia,\nche noi possiam ne l'altra bolgia scendere,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bolgia (division in Dante's Inferno)"
],
"id": "en-bolgia-it-noun-BtwH5CUx",
"links": [
[
"bolgia",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 39 1 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mob or crowd of people in a confined space; a bedlam"
],
"id": "en-bolgia-it-noun-GqSu5sn5",
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"bedlam",
"bedlam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a mob or crowd of people in a confined space; a bedlam"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babele"
},
{
"word": "babilonia"
},
{
"word": "inferno"
},
{
"word": "bordello"
},
{
"word": "casino"
},
{
"word": "bailamme"
},
{
"word": "marasma"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔl.d͡ʒa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔldʒa"
}
],
"word": "bolgia"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "bolgia",
"4": "",
"5": "ditch, trench"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian bolgia (“ditch, trench”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "Old French bolge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bulga",
"4": "",
"5": "wallet, purse"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "bolgā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish bolgā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bolgos",
"4": "",
"5": "sack, bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "budge",
"3": "bulge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of budge and bulge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian bolgia (“ditch, trench”), from Old French bolge, bouge, from Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”), from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”). Doublet of budge and bulge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolgias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "bolgia (plural bolgias or bolge)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English unadapted borrowings from Italian",
"Requests for pronunciation in English entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the divisions of the eighth circle of Hell, Malebolge, in Dante's Divine Comedy."
],
"links": [
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
],
[
"Malebolge",
"Malebolge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bolgia"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from Old French",
"Italian terms derived from Gaulish",
"Italian terms derived from Late Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Old French",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔldʒa",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɔldʒa/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bolgetta"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Malebolge"
},
{
"word": "sbolgiare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fro",
"3": "bolge"
},
"expansion": "Old French bolge",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "bulga",
"4": "",
"5": "wallet, purse"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "bolgā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish bolgā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*bolgos",
"4": "",
"5": "sack, bag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to swell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Old French bolge, bouge, from Late Latin bulga (“wallet, purse”) (or less likely directly from an adjectival form bulgea), from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“sack, bag”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolge",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bolgia f (plural bolge)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bòl‧gia"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a bag, a pouch, especially one which opens longways"
],
"links": [
[
"bag",
"bag"
],
[
"pouch",
"pouch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a bag, a pouch, especially one which opens longways"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a ditch, a trench, a hole in the ground"
],
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"trench",
"trench"
],
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a ditch, a trench, a hole in the ground"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fossa"
},
{
"word": "fosso"
},
{
"word": "fossato"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If the slope there to the right allows us\nto make our way into the other ditch,\nwe shall escape the chase we both envision.",
"ref": "1308–1321, Dante Alighieri (translated by Robert and Jean Hollander, 2000), Commedìa (The Inferno), canto 23, lines 31–33",
"roman": "noi fuggirem l'imaginata caccia.",
"text": "S'elli è che sì la destra costa giaccia,\nche noi possiam ne l'altra bolgia scendere,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bolgia (division in Dante's Inferno)"
],
"links": [
[
"bolgia",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a mob or crowd of people in a confined space; a bedlam"
],
"links": [
[
"mob",
"mob"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"bedlam",
"bedlam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a mob or crowd of people in a confined space; a bedlam"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "babele"
},
{
"word": "babilonia"
},
{
"word": "inferno"
},
{
"word": "bordello"
},
{
"word": "casino"
},
{
"word": "bailamme"
},
{
"word": "marasma"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔl.d͡ʒa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔldʒa"
}
],
"word": "bolgia"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.