See betulla on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*betua"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *betua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷet-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese bétula",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abedul",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan bedoll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau"
},
"expansion": "French bouleau",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.\nCompare Portuguese bétula, Spanish abedul, Catalan bedoll, French bouleau.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betulle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (plural betulle)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Birch family plants",
"orig": "it:Birch family plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "it:Trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"id": "en-betulla-it-noun-VIpCUX-i",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:betulla"
]
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "betulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: betulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: betulă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla",
"3": "betula",
"qq2": "regional"
},
"expansion": "Italian: betulla, betula (regional)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: betulla, betula (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedola",
"3": "bedoia",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedora",
"3": "bedra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "bedora, bedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alpine: bedora, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossolano: bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "biola",
"3": "bola",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "biôla",
"3": "bêla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "bèula",
"qq": "Valadas"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetocha"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetocha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetocha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betullus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "bedul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: bedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: bedul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedoi",
"3": "bedogn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "beoule",
"3": "boul",
"4": "bououle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "boulin"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: boulin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: boulin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ French: bouleau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bedoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bedoll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedoth",
"3": "betoth"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetoch"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetoch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betūlus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bido",
"3": "bidueiro",
"der2": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: bido, ⇒ bidueiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: bido, ⇒ bidueiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vido",
"3": "vidoeiro",
"der2": "1"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: vido, ⇒ vidoeiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: vido, ⇒ vidoeiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: abedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: abedul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bétula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bétula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Betula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Betula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Betula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bitu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷetu-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bedwen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bedwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bitūmen",
"3": "",
"4": "tar"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen (“tar”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish *bitu, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā, *betu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s, *gʷetw-iyo-s, from *gʷet-.\nCompare Welsh bedwen. See also Latin bitūmen (“tar”), which was instead borrowed through another Italic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betūla?",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "betula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (genitive betullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fagales order plants",
"orig": "la:Fagales order plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "betulus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch tree"
],
"id": "en-betulla-la-noun-HLOLilGa",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɛˈt̪ʊlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[beˈt̪ulːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*betua"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *betua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷet-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese bétula",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abedul",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan bedoll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau"
},
"expansion": "French bouleau",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.\nCompare Portuguese bétula, Spanish abedul, Catalan bedoll, French bouleau.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betulle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (plural betulle)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Gaulish",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"it:Birch family plants",
"it:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"birch"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:betulla"
]
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "betulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "betulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: betulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: betulă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla",
"3": "betula",
"qq2": "regional"
},
"expansion": "Italian: betulla, betula (regional)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: betulla, betula (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedola",
"3": "bedoia",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedora",
"3": "bedra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "bedora, bedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alpine: bedora, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossolano: bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "biola",
"3": "bola",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "biôla",
"3": "bêla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "bèula",
"qq": "Valadas"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetocha"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetocha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetocha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betullus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "bedul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: bedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: bedul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedoi",
"3": "bedogn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "beoule",
"3": "boul",
"4": "bououle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "boulin"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: boulin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: boulin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ French: bouleau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bedoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bedoll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedoth",
"3": "betoth"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetoch"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetoch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betūlus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bido",
"3": "bidueiro",
"der2": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: bido, ⇒ bidueiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: bido, ⇒ bidueiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vido",
"3": "vidoeiro",
"der2": "1"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: vido, ⇒ vidoeiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: vido, ⇒ vidoeiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: abedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: abedul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bétula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bétula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Betula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Betula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Betula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bitu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷetu-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bedwen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bedwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bitūmen",
"3": "",
"4": "tar"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen (“tar”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish *bitu, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā, *betu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s, *gʷetw-iyo-s, from *gʷet-.\nCompare Welsh bedwen. See also Latin bitūmen (“tar”), which was instead borrowed through another Italic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betūla?",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "betula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (genitive betullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fagales order plants"
],
"glosses": [
"birch tree"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɛˈt̪ʊlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[beˈt̪ulːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for betulla meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.