See betulla in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "betulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: betulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: betulă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Italian: betulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: betulla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedola",
"3": "bedoia",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alpine: bedora, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossolano: bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "biola",
"3": "bola",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "biôla",
"3": "bêla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetocha"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetocha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetocha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Valadas"
},
"expansion": "(Valadas)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betullus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "bedul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: bedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: bedul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedoi",
"3": "bedogn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "beoule",
"3": "boul",
"4": "bououle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "boulin"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: boulin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: boulin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ French: bouleau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetoch"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetoch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bedoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bedoll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedoth",
"3": "betoth"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betūlus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bido"
},
"expansion": "Galician: bido",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bidueiro",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ bidueiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: bido ⇒ bidueiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vido"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: vido",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "vidoeiro",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ vidoeiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: vido ⇒ vidoeiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: abedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: abedul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bétula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bétula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Betula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Betula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Betula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bitu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷetu-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bedwen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bedwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bitūmen",
"3": "",
"4": "tar"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen (“tar”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish *bitu, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā, *betu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s, *gʷetw-iyo-s, from *gʷet-.\nCompare Welsh bedwen. See also Latin bitūmen (“tar”), which was instead borrowed through another Italic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (genitive betullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fagales order plants",
"orig": "la:Fagales order plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "betulus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch tree"
],
"id": "en-betulla-la-noun-HLOLilGa",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "betūla?"
},
{
"english": "medieval?, early New Latin",
"word": "betula"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɛˈt̪ʊlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[beˈt̪ulːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "betulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "betulă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: betulă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: betulă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Italian: betulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: betulla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedola",
"3": "bedoia",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedola, bedoia, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Alpine: bedora, bedra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossolano: bèula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "biola",
"3": "bola",
"4": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: biola, bola, bèula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "biôla",
"3": "bêla"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: biôla, bêla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetocha"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetocha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetocha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedora"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedora"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "bèula"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Valadas"
},
"expansion": "(Valadas)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: bèula (Valadas)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betullus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betullus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "bedul"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: bedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: bedul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "bedoi",
"3": "bedogn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: bedoi, bedogn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "beoule",
"3": "boul",
"4": "bououle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: beoule, boul, bououle"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "boulin"
},
"expansion": "Champenois: boulin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Champenois: boulin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ French: bouleau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "abetoch"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: abetoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: abetoch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bedoll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bedoll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "bedoth",
"3": "betoth"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: bedoth, betoth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*betūlus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *betūlus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bido"
},
"expansion": "Galician: bido",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "bidueiro",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ bidueiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: bido ⇒ bidueiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "vido"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: vido",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "vidoeiro",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ vidoeiro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: vido ⇒ vidoeiro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abedul"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: abedul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: abedul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bétula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bétula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Betula",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Betula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Betula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bitu",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷetu-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bedwen"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bedwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bitūmen",
"3": "",
"4": "tar"
},
"expansion": "Latin bitūmen (“tar”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish *bitu, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā, *betu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷetu-yo-s, *gʷetw-iyo-s, from *gʷet-.\nCompare Welsh bedwen. See also Latin bitūmen (“tar”), which was instead borrowed through another Italic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "betullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betullā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "betullīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "betulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "betullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "betulla f (genitive betullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "betulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms borrowed from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fagales order plants"
],
"glosses": [
"birch tree"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɛˈt̪ʊlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/beˈtul.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[beˈt̪ulːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "betūla?"
},
{
"english": "medieval?, early New Latin",
"word": "betula"
}
],
"word": "betulla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for betulla meaning in Latin (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.