See bōks on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bōks meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōk\nOld English: bōc\nMiddle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke\nEnglish: book (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: buik, beuk\nScots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck\nYola: buke\nOld Frisian: bōk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr: buk\nHelgoland: Buk\nMooring: bök\nSaterland Frisian: Bouk\nWest Frisian: boek\nOld Saxon: bōk\nMiddle Low German: bôk, buk\nLow German:\nDutch Low Saxon: book\nGerman Low German: Book\nPlautdietsch: Buak\nOld Dutch: buok\nMiddle Dutch: boec\nDutch: boek (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: book\n→ Middle French: boucquain (via diminutive forms *boeckin, *boeckijn)\nFrench: bouquin\nOld High German: buoh, puoh\nMiddle High German: buoch\nAlemannic German: Buech, Büäch\nAlsatian: Bööch, Büech\nSwabian: Buach\nBavarian: Buach\nMünsterländisch: Büak\nCentral Franconian: Booch, Buch\nHunsrik: Buch\nKölsch: Booch\nLuxembourgish: Buch\nEast Franconian: Bouch\nGerman: Buch\nRhine Franconian: Buch, Busch\nPennsylvania German: Buch\nVilamovian: büch\nYiddish: בוך (bukh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōk\nOld English: bōc\nMiddle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke\nEnglish: book (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: buik, beuk\nScots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck\nYola: buke\nOld Frisian: bōk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr: buk\nHelgoland: Buk\nMooring: bök\nSaterland Frisian: Bouk\nWest Frisian: boek\nOld Saxon: bōk\nMiddle Low German: bôk, buk\nLow German:\nDutch Low Saxon: book\nGerman Low German: Book\nPlautdietsch: Buak\nOld Dutch: buok\nMiddle Dutch: boec\nDutch: boek (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: book\n→ Middle French: boucquain (via diminutive forms *boeckin, *boeckijn)\nFrench: bouquin\nOld High German: buoh, puoh\nMiddle High German: buoch\nAlemannic German: Buech, Büäch\nAlsatian: Bööch, Büech\nSwabian: Buach\nBavarian: Buach\nMünsterländisch: Büak\nCentral Franconian: Booch, Buch\nHunsrik: Buch\nKölsch: Booch\nLuxembourgish: Buch\nEast Franconian: Bouch\nGerman: Buch\nRhine Franconian: Buch, Busch\nPennsylvania German: Buch\nVilamovian: büch\nYiddish: בוך (bukh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bók"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bók\nIcelandic: bók f\nFaroese: bók f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bok f\nNorwegian Bokmål: bok m or f\nElfdalian: buok f\nOld Swedish: bōk f, ᛒᚮᚴ\nSwedish: bok\n→ Finnish: pyökki\nOld Danish: bok\nDanish: bog c\nGutnish: bok",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bók\nIcelandic: bók f\nFaroese: bók f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bok f\nNorwegian Bokmål: bok m or f\nElfdalian: buok f\nOld Swedish: bōk f, ᛒᚮᚴ\nSwedish: bok\n→ Finnish: pyökki\nOld Danish: bok\nDanish: bog c\nGutnish: bok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōkō",
"t": "beech"
},
"expansion": "*bōkō (“beech”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂g-",
"t": "to allot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Often linked to *bōkō (“beech”), though beechbark-writing, unlike birchbark-writing, is not known, nor is it well imaginable that it was the time for bookfells made from beeches already. Connected by some to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”), ascribing to the word the meaning of “letter”, in the sense of merely one or few symbols; in older times, letters would have served as (allotted) ownership symbols, which would then have been generalized to any work with writing upon it.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōks",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bōkastabaz"
},
{
"word": "bōkalistiz"
},
{
"word": "bōkārijaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter, written message, inscriptions carved into a flat object pressed together, “book”"
],
"id": "en-bōks-gem-pro-noun-vfzAC0fx",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bōkō"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Birch bark manuscript",
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɔːks/"
}
],
"word": "bōks"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bōkastabaz"
},
{
"word": "bōkalistiz"
},
{
"word": "bōkārijaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bōk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōk\nOld English: bōc\nMiddle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke\nEnglish: book (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: buik, beuk\nScots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck\nYola: buke\nOld Frisian: bōk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr: buk\nHelgoland: Buk\nMooring: bök\nSaterland Frisian: Bouk\nWest Frisian: boek\nOld Saxon: bōk\nMiddle Low German: bôk, buk\nLow German:\nDutch Low Saxon: book\nGerman Low German: Book\nPlautdietsch: Buak\nOld Dutch: buok\nMiddle Dutch: boec\nDutch: boek (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: book\n→ Middle French: boucquain (via diminutive forms *boeckin, *boeckijn)\nFrench: bouquin\nOld High German: buoh, puoh\nMiddle High German: buoch\nAlemannic German: Buech, Büäch\nAlsatian: Bööch, Büech\nSwabian: Buach\nBavarian: Buach\nMünsterländisch: Büak\nCentral Franconian: Booch, Buch\nHunsrik: Buch\nKölsch: Booch\nLuxembourgish: Buch\nEast Franconian: Bouch\nGerman: Buch\nRhine Franconian: Buch, Busch\nPennsylvania German: Buch\nVilamovian: büch\nYiddish: בוך (bukh)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōk\nOld English: bōc\nMiddle English: bok, boc, boke, book, booke, buk, buke\nEnglish: book (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: buik, beuk\nScots: buik, beuk, buke, beuck\nYola: buke\nOld Frisian: bōk\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr: buk\nHelgoland: Buk\nMooring: bök\nSaterland Frisian: Bouk\nWest Frisian: boek\nOld Saxon: bōk\nMiddle Low German: bôk, buk\nLow German:\nDutch Low Saxon: book\nGerman Low German: Book\nPlautdietsch: Buak\nOld Dutch: buok\nMiddle Dutch: boec\nDutch: boek (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: book\n→ Middle French: boucquain (via diminutive forms *boeckin, *boeckijn)\nFrench: bouquin\nOld High German: buoh, puoh\nMiddle High German: buoch\nAlemannic German: Buech, Büäch\nAlsatian: Bööch, Büech\nSwabian: Buach\nBavarian: Buach\nMünsterländisch: Büak\nCentral Franconian: Booch, Buch\nHunsrik: Buch\nKölsch: Booch\nLuxembourgish: Buch\nEast Franconian: Bouch\nGerman: Buch\nRhine Franconian: Buch, Busch\nPennsylvania German: Buch\nVilamovian: büch\nYiddish: בוך (bukh)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bók"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bók\nIcelandic: bók f\nFaroese: bók f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bok f\nNorwegian Bokmål: bok m or f\nElfdalian: buok f\nOld Swedish: bōk f, ᛒᚮᚴ\nSwedish: bok\n→ Finnish: pyökki\nOld Danish: bok\nDanish: bog c\nGutnish: bok",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bók\nIcelandic: bók f\nFaroese: bók f\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bok f\nNorwegian Bokmål: bok m or f\nElfdalian: buok f\nOld Swedish: bōk f, ᛒᚮᚴ\nSwedish: bok\n→ Finnish: pyökki\nOld Danish: bok\nDanish: bog c\nGutnish: bok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōkō",
"t": "beech"
},
"expansion": "*bōkō (“beech”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂g-",
"t": "to allot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Often linked to *bōkō (“beech”), though beechbark-writing, unlike birchbark-writing, is not known, nor is it well imaginable that it was the time for bookfells made from beeches already. Connected by some to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to allot”), ascribing to the word the meaning of “letter”, in the sense of merely one or few symbols; in older times, letters would have served as (allotted) ownership symbols, which would then have been generalized to any work with writing upon it.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōkumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōks",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bōkō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Writing"
],
"glosses": [
"letter, written message, inscriptions carved into a flat object pressed together, “book”"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Birch bark manuscript",
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɔːks/"
}
],
"word": "bōks"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.