See aposematism on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for aposematism meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
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"etymology_text": "apo- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) (from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓πό (apó, “from, away from”)) + semat(ic) (“acting as a sign of danger”) (from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign, token”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the object or result of an action, or a particular instance of an action)) + -ism. The word aposematic was coined by British evolutionary biologist Edward Bagnall Poulton (1856–1943) in The Colours of Animals (1890).",
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{
"ref": "1954, Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, New York, N.Y.: New York Zoological Society, →OCLC, page 193, column 1",
"text": "First, the selection of \"red\" as a releaser in courtship and social chasing indicates a secondarily evolved use of aposematic coloring. It is assumed here that aposematism in this and other red-and-black heliconiids, and their correlated development of Müllerian mimicry, occurred in evolution before the development of red as a social releaser.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"ref": "1990 June, Mary [K.] Wicksten, compiler, Adaptive Coloration in Invertebrates: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the American Society of Zoologists (TAMU-SG; 90-106), [Galveston, Tex.]: Texas A&M Sea Grant College Program, →OCLC, page 77, column 1",
"text": "The co-occurrence of conspicuous coloration and noxious characteristics in many coastal marine species suggests that aposematism is a common predator deterrent in the marine environment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, J. M. Jeshke, C. Laforsch, R. Tollrian, “Animal Prey Defenses”, in Encyclopedia of Ecology, volumes 1 (A–C), Amsterdam: Elsevier, page 191, column 2",
"text": "Detected prey can avoid an attack by way of warning signals (aposematism), for example, bright coloration as a sign of toxicity. […] Aposematisms offer opportunities for 'cheating' species which are not poisonous but show the same color pattern, so-called Batesian mimicry.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"ref": "2015 June, Lina María Arenas, Dominic Walter, Martin Stevens, “Signal Honesty and Predation Risk among a Closely Related Group of Aposematic Species”, in Nature, volume 5, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-18, article number 11021",
"text": "For example, both toxicity and coloration may be energetically costly to produce and maintain, and some theoretical models have predicted that once a predator has learned that a prey is toxic, prey should reduce the amount of energy invested in producing an honest signal. This could in turn make aposematism evolutionarily stable, as opposed to a constant arms race between toxicity, coloration and predator perception or toxic resistance",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"ref": "2018, Graeme D. Ruxton, William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, Michael P. Speed, “Aposematism”, in Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →DOI, section 6.2.6 (Aposematism is Primarily a Phenomenon in Animals, but It may be Present in Other Groups), pages 89–90",
"text": "We focus in this text on animal defences, but aposematism may apply in other groups. Aposematism has thus been variously proposed in plants […] where, for example, conspicuous coloration on the tips of defensitve spines might serve to draw the attention of predators and deter them from attacking. It has been suggested also that aposematism exists in some fungi […]",
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[
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"(biology, chiefly zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators."
],
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{
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"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐngjièzuòyòng",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "警戒作用"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematische kleuring"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposemaatiline värvus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "hoiatusvärvus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposématisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamaprtxilebeli šeperiloba",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "გამაფრთხილებელი შეფერილობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "צבעי אזהרה"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "警告色"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeonggyesaek",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "경계색"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "aposematikalık tüs",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "апосематикалык түс"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "aposemijata",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "апосемијата"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "varselfarger"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "رنگ هشدار"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematyczne"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "ubarwienie ostrzegawcze"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizam"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematism"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "tín hiệu xua đuổi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edward Bagnall Poulton",
"Kegan Paul"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˌæpə(ʊ)sɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
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{
"ipa": "/ˌæpoʊsɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/",
"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"etymology_text": "apo- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) (from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓πό (apó, “from, away from”)) + semat(ic) (“acting as a sign of danger”) (from Ancient Greek σῆμα (sêma, “mark, sign, token”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the object or result of an action, or a particular instance of an action)) + -ism. The word aposematic was coined by British evolutionary biologist Edward Bagnall Poulton (1856–1943) in The Colours of Animals (1890).",
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"en:Biology",
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{
"ref": "1954, Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, New York, N.Y.: New York Zoological Society, →OCLC, page 193, column 1",
"text": "First, the selection of \"red\" as a releaser in courtship and social chasing indicates a secondarily evolved use of aposematic coloring. It is assumed here that aposematism in this and other red-and-black heliconiids, and their correlated development of Müllerian mimicry, occurred in evolution before the development of red as a social releaser.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1990 June, Mary [K.] Wicksten, compiler, Adaptive Coloration in Invertebrates: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the American Society of Zoologists (TAMU-SG; 90-106), [Galveston, Tex.]: Texas A&M Sea Grant College Program, →OCLC, page 77, column 1",
"text": "The co-occurrence of conspicuous coloration and noxious characteristics in many coastal marine species suggests that aposematism is a common predator deterrent in the marine environment.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, J. M. Jeshke, C. Laforsch, R. Tollrian, “Animal Prey Defenses”, in Encyclopedia of Ecology, volumes 1 (A–C), Amsterdam: Elsevier, page 191, column 2",
"text": "Detected prey can avoid an attack by way of warning signals (aposematism), for example, bright coloration as a sign of toxicity. […] Aposematisms offer opportunities for 'cheating' species which are not poisonous but show the same color pattern, so-called Batesian mimicry.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 June, Lina María Arenas, Dominic Walter, Martin Stevens, “Signal Honesty and Predation Risk among a Closely Related Group of Aposematic Species”, in Nature, volume 5, London: Nature Research, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-18, article number 11021",
"text": "For example, both toxicity and coloration may be energetically costly to produce and maintain, and some theoretical models have predicted that once a predator has learned that a prey is toxic, prey should reduce the amount of energy invested in producing an honest signal. This could in turn make aposematism evolutionarily stable, as opposed to a constant arms race between toxicity, coloration and predator perception or toxic resistance",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Graeme D. Ruxton, William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, Michael P. Speed, “Aposematism”, in Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →DOI, section 6.2.6 (Aposematism is Primarily a Phenomenon in Animals, but It may be Present in Other Groups), pages 89–90",
"text": "We focus in this text on animal defences, but aposematism may apply in other groups. Aposematism has thus been variously proposed in plants […] where, for example, conspicuous coloration on the tips of defensitve spines might serve to draw the attention of predators and deter them from attacking. It has been suggested also that aposematism exists in some fungi […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"adaptation",
"adaptation"
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[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
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],
[
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[
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(biology, chiefly zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators."
],
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"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Edward Bagnall Poulton",
"Kegan Paul"
]
}
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-aposematism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aposematism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aposematism.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aposematism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-aposematism.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jǐngjièzuòyòng",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "警戒作用"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematische kleuring"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposemaatiline värvus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "hoiatusvärvus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposématisme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamaprtxilebeli šeperiloba",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "გამაფრთხილებელი შეფერილობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "צבעי אזהרה"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "警告色"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gyeonggyesaek",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "경계색"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "aposematikalık tüs",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "апосематикалык түс"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aposematismus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "aposemijata",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "апосемијата"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematisme"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "varselfarger"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "رنگ هشدار"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematyczne"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "ubarwienie ostrzegawcze"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizam"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aposematismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematism"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "aposematizm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "adaptation that warns off potential predators",
"word": "tín hiệu xua đuổi"
}
],
"word": "aposematism"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.