See Reff on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Reff meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Reff",
"4": "",
"5": "wooden frame"
},
"expansion": "German Reff (“wooden frame”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Reff (“wooden frame”), a metonymic occupational surname for a carrier or peddler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Reff (plural Reffs)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surname from German."
],
"id": "en-Reff-en-name-gISmo46Y",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nds",
"3": "Reff"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Low German Reff",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ref"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch reef",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reef"
},
"expansion": "English reef",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rev"
},
"expansion": "Danish rev",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "non",
"3": "rif"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribją",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Riff",
"t": "reef, bank of rocks"
},
"expansion": "German Riff (“reef, bank of rocks”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ríva",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ríva (“to tear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rīfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rīfaną",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German Reff, from Middle Low German ref. Cognate with Dutch reef, English reef, Danish rev. Further origin uncertain. The West Germanic forms are possibly borrowed from Old Norse rif. If so, the word may identical to that for “rib” (Proto-Germanic *ribją), from which is also German Riff (“reef, bank of rocks”); or it may be a derivation from Old Norse ríva (“to tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffes",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"expansion": "Reff n (strong, genitive Reffes or Reffs, plural Reffe)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "de:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "reffen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reef (part of a sail that can be rolled in during high wind)"
],
"id": "en-Reff-de-noun-9Qi5Pb-V",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"reef",
"reef"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) reef (part of a sail that can be rolled in during high wind)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Riff"
},
{
"english": "perhaps",
"word": "Rippe"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ref"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ref",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "href"
},
"expansion": "Old High German href",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrip"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrip",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corbis"
},
"expansion": "Latin corbis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Korb"
},
"expansion": "German Korb",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krepšỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krepšỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ref, from Old High German href. Cognate with Old Norse hrip and perhaps with Latin corbis, whence German Korb. Compare also Lithuanian krepšỹs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffes",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"expansion": "Reff n (strong, genitive Reffes or Reffs, plural Reffe)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional German",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a wooden frame used to carry someone or something on the back"
],
"id": "en-Reff-de-noun-n4jlL-PY",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) a wooden frame used to carry someone or something on the back"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rückentrage"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"regional",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Reff",
"4": "",
"5": "wooden frame"
},
"expansion": "German Reff (“wooden frame”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Reff (“wooden frame”), a metonymic occupational surname for a carrier or peddler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "Reff (plural Reffs)",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper nouns",
"English surnames",
"English surnames from German",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A surname from German."
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German terms borrowed from Low German",
"German terms derived from Low German",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Old Norse",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "reffen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nds",
"3": "Reff"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Low German Reff",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ref"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "reef"
},
"expansion": "Dutch reef",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "reef"
},
"expansion": "English reef",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rev"
},
"expansion": "Danish rev",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "non",
"3": "rif"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rif",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ribją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribją",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Riff",
"t": "reef, bank of rocks"
},
"expansion": "German Riff (“reef, bank of rocks”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ríva",
"t": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ríva (“to tear”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rīfaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rīfaną",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German Reff, from Middle Low German ref. Cognate with Dutch reef, English reef, Danish rev. Further origin uncertain. The West Germanic forms are possibly borrowed from Old Norse rif. If so, the word may identical to that for “rib” (Proto-Germanic *ribją), from which is also German Riff (“reef, bank of rocks”); or it may be a derivation from Old Norse ríva (“to tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffes",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"expansion": "Reff n (strong, genitive Reffes or Reffs, plural Reffe)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Riff"
},
{
"english": "perhaps",
"word": "Rippe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"de:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"reef (part of a sail that can be rolled in during high wind)"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"reef",
"reef"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) reef (part of a sail that can be rolled in during high wind)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"strong"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ref"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ref",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "href"
},
"expansion": "Old High German href",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrip"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrip",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "corbis"
},
"expansion": "Latin corbis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Korb"
},
"expansion": "German Korb",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "krepšỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian krepšỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ref, from Old High German href. Cognate with Old Norse hrip and perhaps with Latin corbis, whence German Korb. Compare also Lithuanian krepšỹs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Reffes",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Reff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Reffe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"expansion": "Reff n (strong, genitive Reffes or Reffs, plural Reffe)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,(e)s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional German"
],
"glosses": [
"a wooden frame used to carry someone or something on the back"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) a wooden frame used to carry someone or something on the back"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rückentrage"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"regional",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʁɛf]"
}
],
"word": "Reff"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.