See -yni on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -yni meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "probably",
"word": "-ica"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ꙑни"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ꙑни (-yni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ꙑни (-yni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іня",
"3": "-ыня"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-иня",
"3": "-ыня"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -иня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -иня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-иня"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -иня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -иня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ꙑн҄и"
},
"expansion": "-ꙑн҄и (-ynʹi)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ꙑн҄и (-ynʹi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ"
},
"expansion": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ (-yni)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱏⰹⱀⰻ (-yni)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-иня"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -иня (-inja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -иня (-inja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-иња",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -иња",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -иња"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-inja",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -inja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -inja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-inja"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -inja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -inja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-yni",
"3": "-yně"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -yni, -yně",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -yni, -yně"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-yně"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -yně",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -yně"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ëni"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ëni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ëni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-yni"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -yni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -yni"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ini",
"3": "-yni"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ini, -yni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ini, -yni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-yňa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -yňa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -yňa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ni",
"t": "one"
},
"expansion": "*-ni (“one”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-y"
},
"expansion": "*-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smoky",
"3": "*-ni",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "fig"
},
"expansion": "*smoky (“fig”) + *-ni",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smokyni",
"3": "",
"4": "fig fruit"
},
"expansion": "*smokyni (“fig fruit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-yni"
},
"expansion": "*-yni",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ynję"
},
"expansion": "*-ynję",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ih₂",
"3": "*ʹ-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "*ʹ-ih₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-yéh₂-s"
},
"expansion": "*-yéh₂-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "देवी",
"3": "",
"4": "goddess",
"tr": "devī́"
},
"expansion": "देवी (devī́, “goddess”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "",
"3": "देव्या",
"tr": "devyāḥ"
},
"expansion": "देव्या (devyāḥ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μοῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "Muse"
},
"expansion": "Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "Μούσης"
},
"expansion": "Μούσης (Moúsēs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "girl"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "",
"3": "𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "martì",
"3": "",
"4": "daughter in law"
},
"expansion": "martì (“daughter in law”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "marčiõs"
},
"expansion": "marčiõs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Resultant from the fossilization of the feminine agentive suffix *-ni (“one”) to v-stem *-y. In rare cases, the original v-stem noun has survived, e.g. *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni → *smokyni (“fig fruit”).\nNominative singular *-yni (with a hard consonant), genitive *-ynję (with a soft consonant) reflects Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic *ʹ-ih₂, *-yéh₂-s, and is a cognate inflectional class as found in Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess”) (genitive देव्या (devyāḥ)), Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”) (genitive Μούσης (Moúsēs)), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”) (genitive 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)) and Lithuanian martì (“daughter in law”) (genitive marčiõs).\nAlready during the Balto-Slavic period these nouns almost completely merged with jā-stems, but kept the separate nominative singular ending. In Late Common Slavic this was leveled out, and already in Old Church Slavonic nominative singular is attested spelled with the soft consonant, following the rest of the paradigm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňejǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-yni",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ninъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "other, someone else",
"tags": [
"pronoun"
],
"word": "jьnъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bogъ (“god”) → *bogyni (“goddess”)"
},
{
"text": "gospodъ (“lord, master”) → *gospodyni (“mistress”)"
},
{
"text": "orbъ (“slave, servant”) → *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)"
},
{
"text": "sǫsědь (“neighbor”) → *sǫsědyni (“female neighbor”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine noun forms. Equivalent of English -ess."
],
"id": "en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-YavQwv9z",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prostъ (“simple, straight; free”) → *prostyni (“freedom, liberty”)"
},
{
"text": "svętъ (“holy”) → *svętyni (“holiness, sacredness”)"
},
{
"text": "bolgъ (“mild, gentle”) → *bolgyni (“prosperity, welfare”)"
},
{
"text": "pustъ (“barren, empty”) → *pustyni (“wasteland”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming feminine nouns denoting a carrier of the specified property, state or condition."
],
"id": "en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-wOAS9gd4",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-yni"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-yni",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-yni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-yni"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-yni",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-yni.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynię",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-yni f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"y‧ni"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bóg + -yni → bogini",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gospodzin + -yni → gospodyni",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pracodawca + -yni → pracodawczyni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns from masculine words"
],
"id": "en--yni-pl-suffix-sS0dMW9i",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ini"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɨ.ɲi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨɲi"
}
],
"word": "-yni"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-yni",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-yni",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-yni"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-yni",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-yni.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynię",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynią",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yniach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-yni f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"y‧ni"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨɲi",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨɲi/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bóg + -yni → bogini",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gospodzin + -yni → gospodyni",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pracodawca + -yni → pracodawczyni",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns from masculine words"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɨ.ɲi/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨɲi"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ini"
}
],
"word": "-yni"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic ī-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "probably",
"word": "-ica"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ꙑни"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ꙑни (-yni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ꙑни (-yni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іня",
"3": "-ыня"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-иня",
"3": "-ыня"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -иня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -иня (-inja), -ыня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-иня"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -иня (-ynja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -иня (-ynja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ꙑн҄и"
},
"expansion": "-ꙑн҄и (-ynʹi)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ꙑн҄и (-ynʹi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ"
},
"expansion": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ (-yni)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱏⰹⱀⰻ (-yni)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-иня"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -иня (-inja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -иня (-inja)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-иња",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -иња",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -иња"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-inja",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -inja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -inja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-inja"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -inja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -inja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-yni",
"3": "-yně"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -yni, -yně",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -yni, -yně"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-yně"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -yně",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -yně"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "-ëni"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: -ëni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: -ëni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-yni"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -yni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -yni"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ini",
"3": "-yni"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ini, -yni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ini, -yni"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-yňa"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -yňa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -yňa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ni",
"t": "one"
},
"expansion": "*-ni (“one”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-y"
},
"expansion": "*-y",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smoky",
"3": "*-ni",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "fig"
},
"expansion": "*smoky (“fig”) + *-ni",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smokyni",
"3": "",
"4": "fig fruit"
},
"expansion": "*smokyni (“fig fruit”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-yni"
},
"expansion": "*-yni",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ynję"
},
"expansion": "*-ynję",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ih₂",
"3": "*ʹ-ih₂"
},
"expansion": "*ʹ-ih₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-yéh₂-s"
},
"expansion": "*-yéh₂-s",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "देवी",
"3": "",
"4": "goddess",
"tr": "devī́"
},
"expansion": "देवी (devī́, “goddess”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "",
"3": "देव्या",
"tr": "devyāḥ"
},
"expansion": "देव्या (devyāḥ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Μοῦσα",
"3": "",
"4": "Muse"
},
"expansion": "Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "",
"3": "Μούσης"
},
"expansion": "Μούσης (Moúsēs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "girl"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "",
"3": "𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "martì",
"3": "",
"4": "daughter in law"
},
"expansion": "martì (“daughter in law”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "",
"3": "marčiõs"
},
"expansion": "marčiõs",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Resultant from the fossilization of the feminine agentive suffix *-ni (“one”) to v-stem *-y. In rare cases, the original v-stem noun has survived, e.g. *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni → *smokyni (“fig fruit”).\nNominative singular *-yni (with a hard consonant), genitive *-ynję (with a soft consonant) reflects Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic *ʹ-ih₂, *-yéh₂-s, and is a cognate inflectional class as found in Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess”) (genitive देव्या (devyāḥ)), Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”) (genitive Μούσης (Moúsēs)), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”) (genitive 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)) and Lithuanian martì (“daughter in law”) (genitive marčiõs).\nAlready during the Balto-Slavic period these nouns almost completely merged with jā-stems, but kept the separate nominative singular ending. In Late Common Slavic this was leveled out, and already in Old Church Slavonic nominative singular is attested spelled with the soft consonant, following the rest of the paradigm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňejǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-yňaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-yňe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-yni",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-i"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ninъ"
},
{
"english": "other, someone else",
"tags": [
"pronoun"
],
"word": "jьnъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bogъ (“god”) → *bogyni (“goddess”)"
},
{
"text": "gospodъ (“lord, master”) → *gospodyni (“mistress”)"
},
{
"text": "orbъ (“slave, servant”) → *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)"
},
{
"text": "sǫsědь (“neighbor”) → *sǫsědyni (“female neighbor”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming feminine noun forms. Equivalent of English -ess."
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prostъ (“simple, straight; free”) → *prostyni (“freedom, liberty”)"
},
{
"text": "svętъ (“holy”) → *svętyni (“holiness, sacredness”)"
},
{
"text": "bolgъ (“mild, gentle”) → *bolgyni (“prosperity, welfare”)"
},
{
"text": "pustъ (“barren, empty”) → *pustyni (“wasteland”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forming feminine nouns denoting a carrier of the specified property, state or condition."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-yni"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.