"-yni" meaning in All languages combined

See -yni on Wiktionary

Suffix [Polish]

IPA: /ˈɘ.ɲi/
Rhymes: -ɘɲi Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix|g=f}} -yni f Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-f}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -yni [nominative, singular], -ynie [nominative, plural], -yni [genitive, singular], -yń [genitive, plural], -yni [dative, singular], -yniom [dative, plural], -ynię [accusative, singular], -ynie [accusative, plural], -ynią [instrumental, singular], -yniami [instrumental, plural], -yni [locative, singular], -yniach [locative, plural], -yni [singular, vocative], -ynie [plural, vocative]
  1. alternative form of -ini Tags: alt-of, alternative, feminine, morpheme Alternative form of: -ini

Suffix [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: Resultant from the fossilization of the feminine agentive suffix *-ni (“one”) to v-stem *-y. In rare cases, the original v-stem noun has survived, e.g. *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni → *smokyni (“fig fruit”). Nominative singular *-yni (with a hard consonant), genitive *-ynję (with a soft consonant) reflects Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic *ʹ-ih₂, *-yéh₂-s, and is a cognate inflectional class as found in Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess”) (genitive देव्या (devyāḥ)), Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”) (genitive Μούσης (Moúsēs)), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”) (genitive 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)) and Lithuanian marti̇̀ (“daughter in law”) (genitive marčiõs). Already during the Balto-Slavic period these nouns almost completely merged with jā-stems, but kept the separate nominative singular ending. In Late Common Slavic this was leveled out, and already in Old Church Slavonic nominative singular is attested spelled with the soft consonant, following the rest of the paradigm. Etymology templates: {{etymon|sla-pro|id=nominal}}, {{affix|sla-pro|*smoky|*-ni|nocat=1|t1=fig}} *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -yni [nominative, singular], -yňi [dual, nominative], -yňę̇ [nominative, plural], -yňę̇ [genitive, singular], -yňu [dual, genitive], -yňь [genitive, plural], -yňi [dative, singular], -yňama [dative, dual], -yňamъ [dative, plural], -yňǫ [accusative, singular], -yňi [accusative, dual], -yňę̇ [accusative, plural], -yňejǫ [instrumental, singular], -yňǫ [instrumental, singular], -yňama [dual, instrumental], -yňami [instrumental, plural], -yňi [locative, singular], -yňu [dual, locative], -yňasъ [locative, plural], -yňaxъ [locative, plural], -yňe [singular, vocative], -yňi [dual, vocative], -yňę̇ [plural, vocative]
  1. Denominal, forming feminine noun forms. Equivalent of English -ess. Tags: feminine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-YavQwv9z Categories (other): Pages using catfix Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 50 50
  2. Deadjectival, forming feminine nouns denoting a carrier of the specified property, state or condition. Tags: feminine, morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-wOAS9gd4 Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 33 67 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 41 59 Disambiguation of Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header: 44 56
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: -ica (english: probably) Related terms: -i [masculine], -ninъ [masculine], jьnъ (english: other, someone else) [pronoun]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "probably",
      "translation": "probably",
      "word": "-ica"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Belarusian",
              "lang_code": "be",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-іня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Belarusian",
              "lang_code": "be",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-ыня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-иня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-ыня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Ukrainian",
              "lang_code": "uk",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-иня"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "-yni",
          "word": "-ꙑни"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "-ynʹi",
              "word": "-ꙑн҄и"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "-yni",
              "word": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "-inja",
          "word": "-иня"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-иња"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-inja"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl",
          "word": "-inja"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "-yně"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "-yni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "-yně"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "-yně"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kashubian",
          "lang_code": "csb",
          "word": "-ëni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "-ini"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "-yni"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "-yni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-иня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovak",
              "lang_code": "sk",
              "word": "-yňa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Slovak",
          "lang_code": "zlw-osk",
          "word": "-yňa"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "id": "nominal"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*smoky",
        "3": "*-ni",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "fig"
      },
      "expansion": "*smoky (“fig”) + *-ni",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Resultant from the fossilization of the feminine agentive suffix *-ni (“one”) to v-stem *-y. In rare cases, the original v-stem noun has survived, e.g. *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni → *smokyni (“fig fruit”).\nNominative singular *-yni (with a hard consonant), genitive *-ynję (with a soft consonant) reflects Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic *ʹ-ih₂, *-yéh₂-s, and is a cognate inflectional class as found in Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess”) (genitive देव्या (devyāḥ)), Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”) (genitive Μούσης (Moúsēs)), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”) (genitive 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)) and Lithuanian marti̇̀ (“daughter in law”) (genitive marčiõs).\nAlready during the Balto-Slavic period these nouns almost completely merged with jā-stems, but kept the separate nominative singular ending. In Late Common Slavic this was leveled out, and already in Old Church Slavonic nominative singular is attested spelled with the soft consonant, following the rest of the paradigm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-yni",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ninъ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "other, someone else",
      "tags": [
        "pronoun"
      ],
      "translation": "other, someone else",
      "word": "jьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bogъ (“god”) → *bogyni (“goddess”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gospodъ (“lord, master”) → *gospodyni (“mistress”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "orbъ (“slave, servant”) → *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "sǫsědь (“neighbor”) → *sǫsědyni (“female neighbor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine noun forms. Equivalent of English -ess."
      ],
      "id": "en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-YavQwv9z",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "prostъ (“simple, straight; free”) → *prostyni (“freedom, liberty”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "svętъ (“holy”) → *svętyni (“holiness, sacredness”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "bolgъ (“mild, gentle”) → *bolgyni (“prosperity, welfare”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "pustъ (“barren, empty”) → *pustyni (“wasteland”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deadjectival, forming feminine nouns denoting a carrier of the specified property, state or condition."
      ],
      "id": "en--yni-sla-pro-suffix-wOAS9gd4",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-yni"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yń",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynię",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynią",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-yni f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-y‧ni"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "y‧ni"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ini"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bóg + -yni → bogini",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gospodzin + -yni → gospodyni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pracodawca + -yni → pracodawczyni",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -ini"
      ],
      "id": "en--yni-pl-suffix-FjcocRDx",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ini",
          "-ini#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɘ.ɲi/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘɲi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-yni"
}
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yń",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynię",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynią",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yniach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ynie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-yni f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "-y‧ni"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "",
        "y‧ni"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-ini"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Polish 2-syllable words",
        "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Polish feminine suffixes",
        "Polish lemmas",
        "Polish links with manual fragments",
        "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Polish suffixes",
        "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘɲi",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘɲi/2 syllables"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bóg + -yni → bogini",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gospodzin + -yni → gospodyni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "pracodawca + -yni → pracodawczyni",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of -ini"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ini",
          "-ini#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "feminine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɘ.ɲi/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘɲi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-yni"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Slavic ī-stem nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "probably",
      "translation": "probably",
      "word": "-ica"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Belarusian",
              "lang_code": "be",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-іня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Belarusian",
              "lang_code": "be",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-ыня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-иня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Russian",
              "lang_code": "ru",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-ыня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Ukrainian",
              "lang_code": "uk",
              "roman": "-ynja",
              "word": "-иня"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old East Slavic",
          "lang_code": "orv",
          "roman": "-yni",
          "word": "-ꙑни"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "East Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "-ynʹi",
              "word": "-ꙑн҄и"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Glagolitic",
              "lang_code": "cu",
              "roman": "-yni",
              "word": "-ⱏⰹⱀⰻ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
          "lang_code": "cu"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "roman": "-inja",
          "word": "-иня"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Cyrillic script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-иња"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Latin script",
              "lang_code": "sh",
              "word": "-inja"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "lang_code": "sh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "lang_code": "sl",
          "word": "-inja"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "South Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "-yně"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "-yni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Czech",
              "lang_code": "cs",
              "word": "-yně"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Czech",
          "lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
          "word": "-yně"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kashubian",
          "lang_code": "csb",
          "word": "-ëni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "-ini"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Polish",
              "lang_code": "pl",
              "word": "-yni"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Polish",
          "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
          "word": "-yni"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
              "lang_code": "rsk",
              "roman": "-inja",
              "word": "-иня"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Slovak",
              "lang_code": "sk",
              "word": "-yňa"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Slovak",
          "lang_code": "zlw-osk",
          "word": "-yňa"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "West Slavic",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "id": "nominal"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*smoky",
        "3": "*-ni",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "fig"
      },
      "expansion": "*smoky (“fig”) + *-ni",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Resultant from the fossilization of the feminine agentive suffix *-ni (“one”) to v-stem *-y. In rare cases, the original v-stem noun has survived, e.g. *smoky (“fig”) + *-ni → *smokyni (“fig fruit”).\nNominative singular *-yni (with a hard consonant), genitive *-ynję (with a soft consonant) reflects Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic *ʹ-ih₂, *-yéh₂-s, and is a cognate inflectional class as found in Sanskrit देवी (devī́, “goddess”) (genitive देव्या (devyāḥ)), Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”) (genitive Μούσης (Moúsēs)), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍅𐌹 (mawi, “girl”) (genitive 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌾𐍉𐍃 (maujōs)) and Lithuanian marti̇̀ (“daughter in law”) (genitive marčiõs).\nAlready during the Balto-Slavic period these nouns almost completely merged with jā-stems, but kept the separate nominative singular ending. In Late Common Slavic this was leveled out, and already in Old Church Slavonic nominative singular is attested spelled with the soft consonant, following the rest of the paradigm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňь",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňamъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňejǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňǫ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňasъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňaxъ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-yňę̇",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-yni",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "-ninъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "other, someone else",
      "tags": [
        "pronoun"
      ],
      "translation": "other, someone else",
      "word": "jьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bogъ (“god”) → *bogyni (“goddess”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gospodъ (“lord, master”) → *gospodyni (“mistress”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "orbъ (“slave, servant”) → *orbyni (“female slave, maid”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "sǫsědь (“neighbor”) → *sǫsědyni (“female neighbor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denominal, forming feminine noun forms. Equivalent of English -ess."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ess",
          "-ess#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "prostъ (“simple, straight; free”) → *prostyni (“freedom, liberty”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "svętъ (“holy”) → *svętyni (“holiness, sacredness”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "bolgъ (“mild, gentle”) → *bolgyni (“prosperity, welfare”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "pustъ (“barren, empty”) → *pustyni (“wasteland”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Deadjectival, forming feminine nouns denoting a carrier of the specified property, state or condition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-yni"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -yni meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.