See -lle on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -lle meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llëk"
},
"expansion": "*-llëk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-lën"
},
"expansion": "*-lën",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llën"
},
"expansion": "*-llën",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "-len"
},
"expansion": "-len",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "-llen"
},
"expansion": "-llen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-sën",
"pos": "illative case suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sën (illative case suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ŋ",
"pos": "lative or dative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ŋ (lative or dative suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "-нень"
},
"expansion": "Moksha -нень (-ńeń)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*-ľeń"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *-ľeń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lla"
},
"expansion": "-lla",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lta"
},
"expansion": "-lta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-la"
},
"expansion": "*-la",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ülä",
"3": "",
"4": "upper, above"
},
"expansion": "*ülä (“upper, above”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n *ül(ä)-nä"
},
"expansion": "*...n *ül(ä)-nä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n-l-nä"
},
"expansion": "*...n-l-nä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...lnä"
},
"expansion": "*...lnä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...llä"
},
"expansion": "*...llä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n-l-en"
},
"expansion": "*...n-l-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...ll-en"
},
"expansion": "*...ll-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llën"
},
"expansion": "*-llën",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lëk or *-llëk, related to and probably a variant of *-lën or *-llën (whence dialectal -len, -llen), which is related to *-sën (illative case suffix) and is composed of -l(l)- (external locative suffix) + Proto-Uralic *-ŋ (lative or dative suffix) (with an epenthetic *-e-). Compare Erzya and Moksha -нень (-ńeń) which is from Proto-Mordvinic *-ľeń.\nIt is not known whether the short *-l- or long *-ll- is original. If short, the long -l- may be due to analogy with -lla, -lta. The answer likely depends on the origin of the -l- itself. The traditional theory posits that it comes from the toponymic suffix *-la, but more recently it has been proposed that it is in fact a reduction of *ülä (“upper, above”); thus *...n *ül(ä)-nä > *...n-l-nä > *...lnä > *...llä. The initial genitive ending is lost by reduction of a phonotactically impossible sequence, but not in *...n-l-en > *...ll-en, hence *-llën.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the allative case of a noun, adjective, numeral or pronoun"
],
"id": "en--lle-fi-suffix--UH~Fx~f",
"links": [
[
"allative case",
"allative case#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-len"
},
{
"word": "-llen"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːeˣ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞(ʔ)]"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞]"
}
],
"word": "-lle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lëk",
"4": "*-llëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-llëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lle"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -le",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-llëk. Cognates include Finnish -lle and Estonian -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lleen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llemme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-llees",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llenne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llee",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the allative case; onto"
],
"id": "en--lle-izh-suffix-YFOGwfCA",
"links": [
[
"allative case",
"allative case#English"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lʲːe̞]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-len/",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-le̞n]",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
}
],
"word": "-lle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llëk"
},
"expansion": "*-llëk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-lën"
},
"expansion": "*-lën",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llën"
},
"expansion": "*-llën",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "-len"
},
"expansion": "-len",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"3": "-llen"
},
"expansion": "-llen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-sën",
"pos": "illative case suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-sën (illative case suffix)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ŋ",
"pos": "lative or dative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ŋ (lative or dative suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "-нень"
},
"expansion": "Moksha -нень (-ńeń)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*-ľeń"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *-ľeń",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lla"
},
"expansion": "-lla",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lta"
},
"expansion": "-lta",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-la"
},
"expansion": "*-la",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ülä",
"3": "",
"4": "upper, above"
},
"expansion": "*ülä (“upper, above”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n *ül(ä)-nä"
},
"expansion": "*...n *ül(ä)-nä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n-l-nä"
},
"expansion": "*...n-l-nä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...lnä"
},
"expansion": "*...lnä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...llä"
},
"expansion": "*...llä",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...n-l-en"
},
"expansion": "*...n-l-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*...ll-en"
},
"expansion": "*...ll-en",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-llën"
},
"expansion": "*-llën",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lëk or *-llëk, related to and probably a variant of *-lën or *-llën (whence dialectal -len, -llen), which is related to *-sën (illative case suffix) and is composed of -l(l)- (external locative suffix) + Proto-Uralic *-ŋ (lative or dative suffix) (with an epenthetic *-e-). Compare Erzya and Moksha -нень (-ńeń) which is from Proto-Mordvinic *-ľeń.\nIt is not known whether the short *-l- or long *-ll- is original. If short, the long -l- may be due to analogy with -lla, -lta. The answer likely depends on the origin of the -l- itself. The traditional theory posits that it comes from the toponymic suffix *-la, but more recently it has been proposed that it is in fact a reduction of *ülä (“upper, above”); thus *...n *ül(ä)-nä > *...n-l-nä > *...lnä > *...llä. The initial genitive ending is lost by reduction of a phonotactically impossible sequence, but not in *...n-l-en > *...ll-en, hence *-llën.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish case suffixes",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish suffix forms",
"Finnish suffixes",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Finnish terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"forms the allative case of a noun, adjective, numeral or pronoun"
],
"links": [
[
"allative case",
"allative case#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːeˣ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞(ʔ)]"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-len"
},
{
"word": "-llen"
}
],
"word": "-lle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lëk",
"4": "*-llëk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-llëk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lle"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -le",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-llëk. Cognates include Finnish -lle and Estonian -le.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-lleen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llemme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-llees",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llenne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llee",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llesse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-lle",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the allative case; onto"
],
"links": [
[
"allative case",
"allative case#English"
],
[
"onto",
"onto"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lʲːe̞]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːe/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lːe̞]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-len/",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-le̞n]",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
}
],
"word": "-lle"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.