See -ard on Wiktionary
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{
"text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
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{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
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"code": "eo",
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},
{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
],
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},
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{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-art",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ord",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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],
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"Forming pejorative agent nouns from other nouns; -ard."
],
"id": "en--ard-enm-suffix-8-9Lzle~",
"links": [
[
"-ard",
"-ard#English"
]
],
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}
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "-hart"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German -hart",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). Cognate with Middle High German -hart. More at hard.",
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"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
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{
"text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "-ulaĉo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
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"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
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"name": "der"
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kert-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kert-",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ards",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"expansion": "-ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
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"French entries with incorrect language header",
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"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -asse"
},
{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
],
"tags": [
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}
],
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
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}
],
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}
{
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"templates": [
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},
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],
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],
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"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard"
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"expansion": "Frankish *-hard",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-art",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-erd",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "-erde",
"tags": [
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]
},
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}
],
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"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
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"Pages with 3 entries",
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],
"glosses": [
"Forming pejorative agent nouns from other nouns; -ard."
],
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],
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],
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{
"ipa": "/-ard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-art/"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ard meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.