See -ard on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ard meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard",
"4": "",
"pos": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard",
"t": "hardy, bold"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "hard",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). More at hard.",
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{
"args": {
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
"id": "en--ard-en-suffix-nA23OUeV",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
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{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "-ulaĉo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
}
]
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
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"3": "-",
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"5": "",
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"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French",
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},
{
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-art"
},
"expansion": "-art",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, bold"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
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{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "hard",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "-ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -asse"
},
{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
],
"id": "en--ard-fr-suffix-OhUwfF3r",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "English: -ard",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ard"
}
],
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"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-art"
},
"expansion": "-art",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ard",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming pejorative agent nouns from other nouns; -ard."
],
"id": "en--ard-enm-suffix-8-9Lzle~",
"links": [
[
"-ard",
"-ard#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-arde"
},
{
"word": "-art"
},
{
"word": "-erd"
},
{
"word": "-erde"
},
{
"word": "-ord"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-art/"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
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"4": "",
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"expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard",
"t": "hardy, bold"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "hard",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). More at hard.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
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"expansion": "-ard",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ard",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
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"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ulo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"tags": [
"pejorative"
],
"word": "-ulaĉo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
"word": "-ardo"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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"pos": "",
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"expansion": "Middle French",
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{
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"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old French -ard",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "-art"
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"expansion": "-art",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, bold"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*harduz",
"4": "",
"5": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kert-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kert-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
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"3": "",
"4": "strong"
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"expansion": "*kret- (“strong”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard"
},
"expansion": "hard",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French, from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong”). More at English hard.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ards",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-arde",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "-ard m (plural -ards, feminine -arde)",
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
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{
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"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -asse"
},
{
"text": "clocher (“to wobble”) + -ard → clochard (“tramp, vagrant”)"
},
{
"text": "flemme (“laziness”) + -ard → flemmard (“idler”)"
},
{
"text": "soul (“drunk”) + -ard → soulard (“drunkard”)"
},
{
"text": "chauffeur (“driver”) + -ard → chauffard (“bad driver”)"
},
{
"text": "montagne (“mountain”) + -ard → montagnard (“mountain-dweller”)"
},
{
"text": "route (“road”) + -ard → routard (“backpacker”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms pejoratives, diminutives, and nouns representing or belonging to a particular class or sort"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aʁ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal--ard.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal--ard.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "English: -ard",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: -ard"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-ard"
},
"expansion": "Old French -ard",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "-art"
},
"expansion": "-art",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*-hard"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *-hard",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French -ard, -art, from Frankish *-hard.",
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{
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"expansion": "-ard",
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
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"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming pejorative agent nouns from other nouns; -ard."
],
"links": [
[
"-ard",
"-ard#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ard/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-art/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-arde"
},
{
"word": "-art"
},
{
"word": "-erd"
},
{
"word": "-erde"
},
{
"word": "-ord"
}
],
"word": "-ard"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.