"-ard" meaning in English

See -ard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). Cognate with Middle High German -hart. More at hard. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-ard}} Middle English -ard, {{der|en|fro|-ard||pos=suffix}} Old French -ard (suffix), {{der|en|frk|*-hard|t=hardy, bold}} Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*harduz|t=hard}} Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), {{cog|gmh|-hart}} Middle High German -hart Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ard, {{en-suffix}} -ard
  1. Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”). Tags: morpheme Translations (someone who is in a specified condition): -ulo (Esperanto), -ulaĉo [pejorative] (Esperanto), -ardo (Portuguese), -ardo (Spanish)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard",
        "4": "",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "t": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "-hart"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -hart",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). Cognate with Middle High German -hart. More at hard.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
      ],
      "id": "en--ard-en-suffix-nA23OUeV",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ulo"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "tags": [
            "pejorative"
          ],
          "word": "-ulaĉo"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ardo"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ardo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard",
        "4": "",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "t": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "-hart"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German -hart",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). Cognate with Middle High German -hart. More at hard.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English suffixes",
        "English terms derived from Frankish",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Old French",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Terms with Esperanto translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "tags": [
        "pejorative"
      ],
      "word": "-ulaĉo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ardo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ard meaning in English (2.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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