"-ard" meaning in English

See -ard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). More at hard. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-ard}} Middle English -ard, {{der|en|fro|-ard||pos=suffix}} Old French -ard (suffix), {{der|en|frk|*-hard|t=hardy, bold}} Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*harduz|t=hard}} Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”), {{l|en|hard}} hard Head templates: {{head|en|suffix|cat2=|cat3=|head=|id=}} -ard, {{en-suffix}} -ard
  1. Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”). Tags: morpheme Translations (someone who is in a specified condition): -ulo (Esperanto), -ulaĉo [pejorative] (Esperanto), -ardo (Portuguese), -ardo (Spanish)

Download JSON data for -ard meaning in English (2.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard",
        "4": "",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "t": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "hard",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). More at hard.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
      ],
      "id": "en--ard-en-suffix-nA23OUeV",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ulo"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "tags": [
            "pejorative"
          ],
          "word": "-ulaĉo"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ardo"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
          "word": "-ardo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English -ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "-ard",
        "4": "",
        "pos": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French -ard (suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*-hard",
        "t": "hardy, bold"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz",
        "t": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hard"
      },
      "expansion": "hard",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English -ard, from Old French -ard (suffix), from Frankish *-hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic *harduz (“hard”). More at hard.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": "",
        "id": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-ard",
      "name": "en-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "English lemmas",
        "English suffixes",
        "English terms derived from Frankish",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Old French",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "drunk + -ard → drunkard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "dull + -ard → dullard",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "wise + -ard → wizard",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is in a specified condition (“pejorative agent suffix”)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ulo"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "tags": [
        "pejorative"
      ],
      "word": "-ulaĉo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ardo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "someone who is in a specified condition",
      "word": "-ardo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ard"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.