See -이 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -이 meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jeju particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "-에"
},
"expansion": "Korean 에 (-e)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 에 (-e).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 (-i)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"id": "en--이-jje-particle-sda5G2fC",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"id": "en--이-jje-particle-Zj6hv~~l",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "after ㅅ (s)",
"roman": "-di",
"word": "디"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "after ㅣ (i) and ㄹ (l)",
"roman": "-e",
"word": "에"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "after a vowel",
"roman": "-ye",
"word": "예"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nominative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-이〮",
"pos": "subject marker",
"tr": "-í"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이〮 (-í, subject marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "是",
"4": "是, 利",
"pos": "subject marker",
"tr": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 是, 利 (*-i, subject marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "亦",
"tr": "*-yek?"
},
"expansion": "亦 (*-yek?)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "亦",
"tr": "*-yek?"
},
"expansion": "亦 (*-yek?)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "是",
"tr": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "是 (*-i)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "い",
"pos": "emphatic particle",
"tr": "i"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese い (i, emphatic particle)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이〮 (-í, subject marker), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*-i, subject marker). Old Korean sources also use 亦 (*-yek?) and 弋只 (*-ik) as a subject marker. It is possible that these are the more conservative forms, and that there was a shift from 亦 (*-yek?) > 弋只 (*-ik) > 是 (*-i). However, others have considered 弋只 (*-ik)) to be a suffixed form of -i. The forms with *-k are attested later than simple *-i.\nJohn Whitman and Yuko Yanagida speculate an ultimate connection either to the demonstrative (\"this\") or to the bound noun (\"person\").\nOld Japanese い (i, emphatic particle) is believed to be a borrowing from Korean into Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "-eun/neun, topic marker",
"word": "은/는"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "-eul/reul, direct object marker",
"word": "을/를"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "file",
"text": "이 치킨이 맛있다.\nI chikin-i masitda.\nThis chicken is delicious.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For non-honorific nouns ending in consonants, the nominative case particle marking it as the subject of a verb or adjective; see also Usage Notes."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-particle-ubBtrcNY",
"links": [
[
"honorific",
"honorific#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"nominative case",
"nominative case#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
},
{
"word": "-께서"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "물이 얼음이 되었다.\nMur-i eoreum-i doeeotda.\nThe water became ice.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "걔는 정상이 아니다.\nGyae-neun jeongsang-i anida.\nHe is not normal.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For nouns ending in consonants, a particle marking it as the grammatical complement of the verbal stems 되다 (doeda, “to become”) and 아니다 (anida, “to not be”)."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-particle-PC4ndlhb",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
],
[
"되다",
"되다#English"
],
[
"아니다",
"아니다#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
},
{
"word": "-으로"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 25 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 10 3 8 5 5 11 5 4 16 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "쟨 짜장면이 먹고 싶다는데?\nJaen jjajangmyeon-i meokgo sipda-neunde?\nShe says she wants to eat jajangmyeon.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For nouns ending in consonants, an emphatic particle used to mark the object of desire in a construction with the auxiliary verb 싶다 (sipda, “to want”)."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-particle-4a7I9zRb",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"싶다",
"싶다#Korean"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Yukjin dialect"
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "noun suffix",
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "이"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이 (i)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid-close"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이 (i), of variable pitch depending on the stem being attached to. Lee Ki-Moon and S. Roberts Ramsey notes that it is \"probably from the same etymological source\" as the bound noun for \"person\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "먹 (meok-, “to eat”) + 이 (-i) → 먹이 (meogi, “feed for animals”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "벌 (beol-, “to make money”) + 이 (-i) → 벌이 (beori, “earnings”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "감옥 (gamok, “prison”) + 살 (sal-, “to live”) + 이 (-i) → 감옥살이 (gamoksari, “prison life”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-deriving suffix for certain consonant-final verb and adjective stems, used to nominalize both individual verbs and entire phrases."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-TOmD5H72",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "더듬 (deodeum-, “to grope, to stutter”) + 이 (-i) → 더듬이 (deodeumi, “antennae, stutterer”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "멍멍 (meongmeong, “woof-woof”) + 이 (-i) → 멍멍이 (meongmeong'i, “doggy”) (childish)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "절름발 (jeolleumbal, “crippled leg”) + 이 (-i) → 절름발이 (jeolleumbari, “cripple”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "옷 (ot, “clothes”) + 걸 (geol-, “to hang”) + 이 (-i) → 옷걸이 (otgeori, “hanger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, -or; an agent noun-deriving suffix attached to certain consonant-final words, stems, and phrases."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-gk3HTxJv",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"-or",
"-or"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just two people came.",
"roman": "Dur-i-bakke an wasseo.",
"text": "둘이밖에 안 왔어.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to numerals, with the sense of \"a group of people of that number\"."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-Uedxnwp4",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 4 9 5 6 14 5 5 12 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 8 3 7 5 4 10 5 5 17 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 10 3 8 5 5 11 5 4 16 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to consonant-final personal names; compare English -y as in Johnny. See also Usage Notes."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-ko:name_suffix",
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"Johnny",
"Johnny#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing) A suffix attached to consonant-final personal names; compare English -y as in Johnny. See also Usage Notes."
],
"senseid": [
"ko:name suffix"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"endearing",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "거북 (geobuk, “turtle”) + 이 (-i) → 거북이 (geobugi, “turtle”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "호랑 (horang, “tiger”) + 이 (-i) → 호랑이 (horang'i, “tiger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to consonant-final words for animals. In many cases, the original, non-suffixed form is not used."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-hLtUuSo~",
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "입술 (ipsul, “lip”) + 이 (-i) → 입술이 (ipsuri, “lip”) (Gyeongsang dialect, Jinju)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to any noun to euphonically lengthen the word without changing its meaning. Now more productive in non-Seoul dialects."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-BsbY1m9p",
"links": [
[
"euphonically",
"euphony#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "adverbial",
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "이",
"pos": "adverb-deriving suffix"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이 (i, adverb-deriving suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "是",
"4": "是, 利",
"pos": "adverb-deriving suffix",
"tr": "*i"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, adverb-deriving suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid-close"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이 (i, adverb-deriving suffix), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, adverb-deriving suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 4 9 5 6 14 5 5 12 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 8 3 7 5 4 10 5 5 17 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 10 3 8 5 5 11 5 4 16 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "길 (gil-, “to be long”) + 이 (-i) → 길이 (giri, “for evermore”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "달ㄹ (dall-, “to be different”) + 이 (-i) → 달리 (dalli, “unlike”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "슬프 (seulpeu-, “to be sad”) + 이 (-i) → 슬피 (seulpi, “sadly, forlornly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "간(間) (gan, “interval”) + 간(間) (gan, “interval”) + 이 (-i) → 간간이 (gan'gani, “from time to time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "무진장(無盡藏) (mujinjang, “limitlessness”) + 이 (-i) → 무진찬이 (mujinchani, “profusely”) (Gyeongsang dialect, Namhae)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly; an adverb-deriving suffix, attaching especially to adjectives and certain reduplicated monosyllabic nouns. No longer productive in Seoul Korean."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-628lIsZR",
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"reduplicate",
"reduplicate#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "게"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 4 9 5 6 14 5 5 12 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 7 8 3 7 5 4 10 5 5 17 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 10 3 8 5 5 11 5 4 16 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "일찍 (iljjik, “early”) + 이 (-i) → 일찍이 (iljjigi, “quite early”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "더욱 (deouk, “yet more”) + 이 (-i) → 더욱이 (deougi, “yet quite more”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to an existing adverb not derived from a verb, generally with a more emphatic sense. No longer productive in Seoul Korean."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-34b1FVfC",
"links": [
[
"emphatic",
"emphatic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "intimate particle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "응",
"pos": "informal affirmative interjection",
"t": "yes, yeah, yep"
},
"expansion": "응 (eung, “yes, yeah, yep”, informal affirmative interjection)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Standard Seoul Korean 응 (eung, “yes, yeah, yep”, informal affirmative interjection). The interjection grammaticalized into a particle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gangwon Korean",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gyeongsang Korean",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jeolla Korean",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 25 30 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Go on to a good place, Cheol, my son. There’s nothing more I can say.\n(This is a quote from the father of Bak Jong-cheol, a university student tortured to death by the junta in 1987, during his son's funeral. It became a slogan of the June Struggle that toppled the regime that year. The translation is from a 2018 article in The Korea Herald.)",
"ref": "종철아! 잘 가그래이... 이 아부지는 아무 할 말이 없대이. (Gyeongsang dialect, Busan)",
"text": "Jongcheor-a! Jal ga-geurae-i... I abuji-neun amu hal mar-i eopdae-i.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word-final particle denoting certitude and emotional intimacy."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-particle-oOdfS4Rz",
"links": [
[
"certitude",
"certitude#English"
],
[
"intimacy",
"intimacy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(southern dialectal, including Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Jeolla dialect) A word-final particle denoting certitude and emotional intimacy."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-ing",
"tags": [
"Jeolla",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "잉"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"Gangwon",
"Gyeongsang",
"Jeolla",
"Southern",
"dialectal",
"including"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i~j]"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ~e/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʌ~ə~ɤ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e/"
},
{
"ipa": "/o/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ø~we/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/"
},
{
"ipa": "/y~wi/"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See the main entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 으이 (-eu'i, “familiar style ending”)."
],
"id": "en--이-ko-suffix-KOMWxVs1",
"links": [
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"ㄹ",
"ㄹ#Korean"
],
[
"allomorph",
"allomorph"
],
[
"으이",
"-으이#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
"Jeju lemmas",
"Jeju particles",
"Jeju terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "-에"
},
"expansion": "Korean 에 (-e)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 에 (-e).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 (-i)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Jeju",
"lang_code": "jje",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"at"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "after ㅅ (s)",
"roman": "-di",
"word": "디"
},
{
"alt": "after ㅣ (i) and ㄹ (l)",
"roman": "-e",
"word": "에"
},
{
"english": "after a vowel",
"roman": "-ye",
"word": "예"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean particles",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Middle Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nominative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-이〮",
"pos": "subject marker",
"tr": "-í"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이〮 (-í, subject marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "是",
"4": "是, 利",
"pos": "subject marker",
"tr": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 是, 利 (*-i, subject marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "亦",
"tr": "*-yek?"
},
"expansion": "亦 (*-yek?)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "亦",
"tr": "*-yek?"
},
"expansion": "亦 (*-yek?)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "是",
"tr": "*-i"
},
"expansion": "是 (*-i)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oko",
"2": "弋只",
"tr": "*-ik"
},
"expansion": "弋只 (*-ik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "い",
"pos": "emphatic particle",
"tr": "i"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese い (i, emphatic particle)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이〮 (-í, subject marker), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*-i, subject marker). Old Korean sources also use 亦 (*-yek?) and 弋只 (*-ik) as a subject marker. It is possible that these are the more conservative forms, and that there was a shift from 亦 (*-yek?) > 弋只 (*-ik) > 是 (*-i). However, others have considered 弋只 (*-ik)) to be a suffixed form of -i. The forms with *-k are attested later than simple *-i.\nJohn Whitman and Yuko Yanagida speculate an ultimate connection either to the demonstrative (\"this\") or to the bound noun (\"person\").\nOld Japanese い (i, emphatic particle) is believed to be a borrowing from Korean into Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-eun/neun, topic marker",
"word": "은/는"
},
{
"roman": "-eul/reul, direct object marker",
"word": "을/를"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "file",
"text": "이 치킨이 맛있다.\nI chikin-i masitda.\nThis chicken is delicious.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For non-honorific nouns ending in consonants, the nominative case particle marking it as the subject of a verb or adjective; see also Usage Notes."
],
"links": [
[
"honorific",
"honorific#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"nominative case",
"nominative case#English"
],
[
"subject",
"subject#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
},
{
"word": "-께서"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "물이 얼음이 되었다.\nMur-i eoreum-i doeeotda.\nThe water became ice.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "걔는 정상이 아니다.\nGyae-neun jeongsang-i anida.\nHe is not normal.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For nouns ending in consonants, a particle marking it as the grammatical complement of the verbal stems 되다 (doeda, “to become”) and 아니다 (anida, “to not be”)."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
],
[
"되다",
"되다#English"
],
[
"아니다",
"아니다#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
},
{
"word": "-으로"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "쟨 짜장면이 먹고 싶다는데?\nJaen jjajangmyeon-i meokgo sipda-neunde?\nShe says she wants to eat jajangmyeon.\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For nouns ending in consonants, an emphatic particle used to mark the object of desire in a construction with the auxiliary verb 싶다 (sipda, “to want”)."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant#English"
],
[
"싶다",
"싶다#Korean"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-가"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Yukjin dialect"
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "noun suffix",
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "이"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이 (i)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid-close"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이 (i), of variable pitch depending on the stem being attached to. Lee Ki-Moon and S. Roberts Ramsey notes that it is \"probably from the same etymological source\" as the bound noun for \"person\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "먹 (meok-, “to eat”) + 이 (-i) → 먹이 (meogi, “feed for animals”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "벌 (beol-, “to make money”) + 이 (-i) → 벌이 (beori, “earnings”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "감옥 (gamok, “prison”) + 살 (sal-, “to live”) + 이 (-i) → 감옥살이 (gamoksari, “prison life”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A noun-deriving suffix for certain consonant-final verb and adjective stems, used to nominalize both individual verbs and entire phrases."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "더듬 (deodeum-, “to grope, to stutter”) + 이 (-i) → 더듬이 (deodeumi, “antennae, stutterer”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "멍멍 (meongmeong, “woof-woof”) + 이 (-i) → 멍멍이 (meongmeong'i, “doggy”) (childish)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "절름발 (jeolleumbal, “crippled leg”) + 이 (-i) → 절름발이 (jeolleumbari, “cripple”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "옷 (ot, “clothes”) + 걸 (geol-, “to hang”) + 이 (-i) → 옷걸이 (otgeori, “hanger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, -or; an agent noun-deriving suffix attached to certain consonant-final words, stems, and phrases."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
],
[
"-or",
"-or"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just two people came.",
"roman": "Dur-i-bakke an wasseo.",
"text": "둘이밖에 안 왔어.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to numerals, with the sense of \"a group of people of that number\"."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Korean endearing terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to consonant-final personal names; compare English -y as in Johnny. See also Usage Notes."
],
"links": [
[
"endearing",
"endearing"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"Johnny",
"Johnny#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(endearing) A suffix attached to consonant-final personal names; compare English -y as in Johnny. See also Usage Notes."
],
"senseid": [
"ko:name suffix"
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"endearing",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "거북 (geobuk, “turtle”) + 이 (-i) → 거북이 (geobugi, “turtle”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "호랑 (horang, “tiger”) + 이 (-i) → 호랑이 (horang'i, “tiger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to consonant-final words for animals. In many cases, the original, non-suffixed form is not used."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "입술 (ipsul, “lip”) + 이 (-i) → 입술이 (ipsuri, “lip”) (Gyeongsang dialect, Jinju)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to any noun to euphonically lengthen the word without changing its meaning. Now more productive in non-Seoul dialects."
],
"links": [
[
"euphonically",
"euphony#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "adverbial",
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "이",
"pos": "adverb-deriving suffix"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 이 (i, adverb-deriving suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "oko",
"3": "是",
"4": "是, 利",
"pos": "adverb-deriving suffix",
"tr": "*i"
},
"expansion": "Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, adverb-deriving suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"tag": "p"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "senseid-close"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 이 (i, adverb-deriving suffix), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, adverb-deriving suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "길 (gil-, “to be long”) + 이 (-i) → 길이 (giri, “for evermore”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "달ㄹ (dall-, “to be different”) + 이 (-i) → 달리 (dalli, “unlike”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "슬프 (seulpeu-, “to be sad”) + 이 (-i) → 슬피 (seulpi, “sadly, forlornly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "간(間) (gan, “interval”) + 간(間) (gan, “interval”) + 이 (-i) → 간간이 (gan'gani, “from time to time”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "무진장(無盡藏) (mujinjang, “limitlessness”) + 이 (-i) → 무진찬이 (mujinchani, “profusely”) (Gyeongsang dialect, Namhae)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ly; an adverb-deriving suffix, attaching especially to adjectives and certain reduplicated monosyllabic nouns. No longer productive in Seoul Korean."
],
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"reduplicate",
"reduplicate#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "게"
}
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "일찍 (iljjik, “early”) + 이 (-i) → 일찍이 (iljjigi, “quite early”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "더욱 (deouk, “yet more”) + 이 (-i) → 더욱이 (deougi, “yet quite more”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix attached to an existing adverb not derived from a verb, generally with a more emphatic sense. No longer productive in Seoul Korean."
],
"links": [
[
"emphatic",
"emphatic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean particles",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "intimate particle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "anchor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "응",
"pos": "informal affirmative interjection",
"t": "yes, yeah, yep"
},
"expansion": "응 (eung, “yes, yeah, yep”, informal affirmative interjection)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Standard Seoul Korean 응 (eung, “yes, yeah, yep”, informal affirmative interjection). The interjection grammaticalized into a particle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Gangwon Korean",
"Gyeongsang Korean",
"Jeolla Korean",
"Korean dialectal terms",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Go on to a good place, Cheol, my son. There’s nothing more I can say.\n(This is a quote from the father of Bak Jong-cheol, a university student tortured to death by the junta in 1987, during his son's funeral. It became a slogan of the June Struggle that toppled the regime that year. The translation is from a 2018 article in The Korea Herald.)",
"ref": "종철아! 잘 가그래이... 이 아부지는 아무 할 말이 없대이. (Gyeongsang dialect, Busan)",
"text": "Jongcheor-a! Jal ga-geurae-i... I abuji-neun amu hal mar-i eopdae-i.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word-final particle denoting certitude and emotional intimacy."
],
"links": [
[
"certitude",
"certitude#English"
],
[
"intimacy",
"intimacy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(southern dialectal, including Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Jeolla dialect) A word-final particle denoting certitude and emotional intimacy."
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"Gangwon",
"Gyeongsang",
"Jeolla",
"Southern",
"dialectal",
"including"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i~j]"
},
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɛ~e/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʌ~ə~ɤ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/e/"
},
{
"ipa": "/o/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ø~we/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/"
},
{
"ipa": "/y~wi/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-ing",
"tags": [
"Jeolla",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "잉"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "See the main entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "이",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "이 • (-i)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 으이 (-eu'i, “familiar style ending”)."
],
"links": [
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"ㄹ",
"ㄹ#Korean"
],
[
"allomorph",
"allomorph"
],
[
"으이",
"-으이#Korean"
]
],
"tags": [
"-i",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"other": "[이]"
}
],
"word": "-이"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.