See -ьlъ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ьлъ (-ĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱐⰾⱏ (-ĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -el",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -el"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -el",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -el"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-eł"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -eł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -eł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "молоко"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пълнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized doublet of *-lъ, attached to thematic roots. The *-ь- could reflect either a reduced *-e- or *-i- from i-theme declension. Regionally (especially in East Slavic), the -ь- was often hardened to -ъ- due to the backward influence of -l- (cf. Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko) < *melko or Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ) < *pьlnъ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьlъ",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ělь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-aľь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-olъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kozьlъ (“goat”) ← *kozь(jь) (“goaty”)"
},
{
"text": "pětьlъ (“rooster, cock”) ← *pětъ(jь) (“singing”)"
},
{
"text": "sъsьlъ (“ground squirrel”) ← Proto-Balto-Slavic *śuśas (“shoving, ditching”) (possibly)"
},
{
"text": "orьlъ (“eagle”) ← Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“stirring, rising one”)"
},
{
"text": "pelvelъ (“weed”) ← *pelvъ (“pale, futile”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives or participles, forms agent nouns (usually animals or plants)"
],
"id": "en--ьlъ-sla-pro-suffix-s0jm48wb",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-teľь"
},
{
"word": "*-ařь"
},
{
"word": "*-ačь"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "svьrdьlъ (“chasel”) ← Proto-Indo-European *swerdʰóm (“sharp tool”) < *seh₂w- (“sharp”) + *-ér-"
},
{
"text": "kotьlъ (“cauldron”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to encircle, to bound”)"
},
{
"text": "kъbьlъ (“bucket”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, to turn”)"
},
{
"text": "gъdьlъ (“tickle”) ← *gъsti (“to tickle, to prick”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From basic roots or verbs, forms tool nouns. Likely under the influence of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz"
],
"id": "en--ьlъ-sla-pro-suffix-s6ca3x-r",
"links": [
[
"Proto-Germanic",
"w:Proto-Germanic language"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-dlo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ъlъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-elъ"
}
],
"word": "-ьlъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -ьлъ (-ĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⱐⰾⱏ (-ĭlŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: -el",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: -el"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-el"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -el",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -el"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-eł"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -eł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -eł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "молоко"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пълнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Fossilized doublet of *-lъ, attached to thematic roots. The *-ь- could reflect either a reduced *-e- or *-i- from i-theme declension. Regionally (especially in East Slavic), the -ь- was often hardened to -ъ- due to the backward influence of -l- (cf. Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko) < *melko or Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ) < *pьlnъ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьloma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьlěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьlъ",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ělь"
},
{
"word": "-aľь"
},
{
"word": "-olъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kozьlъ (“goat”) ← *kozь(jь) (“goaty”)"
},
{
"text": "pětьlъ (“rooster, cock”) ← *pětъ(jь) (“singing”)"
},
{
"text": "sъsьlъ (“ground squirrel”) ← Proto-Balto-Slavic *śuśas (“shoving, ditching”) (possibly)"
},
{
"text": "orьlъ (“eagle”) ← Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“stirring, rising one”)"
},
{
"text": "pelvelъ (“weed”) ← *pelvъ (“pale, futile”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives or participles, forms agent nouns (usually animals or plants)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-teľь"
},
{
"word": "*-ařь"
},
{
"word": "*-ačь"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "svьrdьlъ (“chasel”) ← Proto-Indo-European *swerdʰóm (“sharp tool”) < *seh₂w- (“sharp”) + *-ér-"
},
{
"text": "kotьlъ (“cauldron”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to encircle, to bound”)"
},
{
"text": "kъbьlъ (“bucket”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, to turn”)"
},
{
"text": "gъdьlъ (“tickle”) ← *gъsti (“to tickle, to prick”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From basic roots or verbs, forms tool nouns. Likely under the influence of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz"
],
"links": [
[
"Proto-Germanic",
"w:Proto-Germanic language"
],
[
"*-ilaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-dlo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ъlъ"
},
{
"word": "-elъ"
}
],
"word": "-ьlъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ьlъ meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.