"서울" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서울"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서라벌"
      },
      "expansion": "서라벌 (Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "tr": "<i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">서라벌</i> (Seorabeol)"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol))",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 서울 (Seoul), from Sillan 徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 (seoul)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "capital"
      ],
      "id": "en-서울-jje-noun-vQgCLo-4",
      "links": [
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[səuɭ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "seowol",
      "word": "서월"
    }
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서울"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서라벌"
      },
      "expansion": "서라벌 (Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "tr": "<i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">서라벌</i> (Seorabeol)"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol))",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 서울 (Seoul), from Sillan 徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 (seoul)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "jje",
          "name": "Cities in South Korea",
          "orig": "jje:Cities in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "jje",
          "name": "National capitals",
          "orig": "jje:National capitals",
          "parents": [
            "Capital cities",
            "Cities",
            "Polities",
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "jje",
          "name": "Places in South Korea",
          "orig": "jje:Places in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "jje",
          "name": "Seoul",
          "orig": "jje:Seoul",
          "parents": [
            "South Korea",
            "Asia",
            "Korea",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 5 45 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-서울-jje-name-6esF9GZQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Seoul",
          "Seoul#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[səuɭ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "seowol",
      "word": "서월"
    }
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
      },
      "expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이니"
      },
      "expansion": "-이니",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "은"
      },
      "expansion": "은",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-라"
      },
      "expansion": "-라",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
      },
      "expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "京",
        "t": "capital city",
        "tr": "gyeong"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (gyeong, “capital city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "國號 徐羅伐 又 徐伐，今 俗 訓「京」字 云 徐伐，以此 故 也。",
        "2": "The name of the 􂀿capital of the􂁀 kingdom 􂀿of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s􂁀 was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, 􂀿even􂁀 today, the Korean word for the character <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">京</i> (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
        "3": "CL-KR",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "nocat": "y",
        "tr": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yb",
        "2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
        "3": "syěWùl",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdb",
        "2": "셔〯욿",
        "3": "syěwùlh",
        "also": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "pos": "Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tpelH-",
        "t": "city, fortification"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "2": "*kwòWòlh",
        "3": "town, district"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "2": "súkòWòl",
        "3": "rural town"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">徐羅伐</i> (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*tpelH-</i> (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">*고ᄫᆞᆶ</i> (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ</i> (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
        "2": "Etymological details",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\n國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "서울 • (seoul)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Paris is the capital of France.",
          "roman": "Pari-neun Peurangseu-ui seour-ida.",
          "text": "파리는 프랑스의 서울이다.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The capital of our country (i.e. Korea) is Seoul.",
          "roman": "urinara-ui seour-eun Seour-ida.",
          "text": "우리나라의 서울은 서울이다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "capital; large city"
      ],
      "id": "en-서울-ko-noun-h-TJmq-v",
      "links": [
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) capital; large city"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "gyeong",
          "word": "京"
        },
        {
          "english": "capital",
          "word": "the hanja for"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "首都",
          "word": "수도"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[서울]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Silla"
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "ဆောအူလ်",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "首爾"
          },
          "expansion": "首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "possibly through a French-based romanization"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "Séoul",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: Séoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: Séoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "possible"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possible)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Seoul (possible)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ソウル",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ソウル",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ソウル"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "Seúl",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: Seúl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: Seúl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
      },
      "expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이니"
      },
      "expansion": "-이니",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "은"
      },
      "expansion": "은",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-라"
      },
      "expansion": "-라",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
      },
      "expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "京",
        "t": "capital city",
        "tr": "gyeong"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (gyeong, “capital city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "國號 徐羅伐 又 徐伐，今 俗 訓「京」字 云 徐伐，以此 故 也。",
        "2": "The name of the 􂀿capital of the􂁀 kingdom 􂀿of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s􂁀 was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, 􂀿even􂁀 today, the Korean word for the character <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">京</i> (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
        "3": "CL-KR",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "nocat": "y",
        "tr": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yb",
        "2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
        "3": "syěWùl",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdb",
        "2": "셔〯욿",
        "3": "syěwùlh",
        "also": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "pos": "Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tpelH-",
        "t": "city, fortification"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "2": "*kwòWòlh",
        "3": "town, district"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "2": "súkòWòl",
        "3": "rural town"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">徐羅伐</i> (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*tpelH-</i> (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">*고ᄫᆞᆶ</i> (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ</i> (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
        "2": "Etymological details",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\n國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 • (Seoul)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Cities in South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Cities in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "National capitals",
          "orig": "ko:National capitals",
          "parents": [
            "Capital cities",
            "Cities",
            "Polities",
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Places in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Seoul",
          "orig": "ko:Seoul",
          "parents": [
            "South Korea",
            "Asia",
            "Korea",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 5 45 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "서울에 가요.\nSeour-e gayo.\n(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-서울-ko-name-6esF9GZQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Seoul",
          "Seoul#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "Hanseong",
          "word": "한성(漢城)"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Gyeongseong",
          "word": "경성(京城)"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Seoul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[서울]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Silla",
    "ko:서울특별시"
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
    "Jeju lemmas",
    "Jeju nouns",
    "Jeju proper nouns",
    "Jeju terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서울"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서라벌"
      },
      "expansion": "서라벌 (Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "tr": "<i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">서라벌</i> (Seorabeol)"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol))",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 서울 (Seoul), from Sillan 徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 (seoul)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "capital"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[səuɭ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "seowol",
      "word": "서월"
    }
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Jeju entries with incorrect language header",
    "Jeju lemmas",
    "Jeju nouns",
    "Jeju proper nouns",
    "Jeju terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서울"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 서울 (Seoul)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "^서라벌"
      },
      "expansion": "서라벌 (Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "tr": "<i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">서라벌</i> (Seorabeol)"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol))",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Korean 서울 (Seoul), from Sillan 徐羅伐 (서라벌 (Seorabeol)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jje",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 (seoul)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Jeju",
  "lang_code": "jje",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "jje:Cities in South Korea",
        "jje:National capitals",
        "jje:Places in South Korea",
        "jje:Seoul"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Seoul",
          "Seoul#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[səuɭ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "seowol",
      "word": "서월"
    }
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with audio links",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
      },
      "expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이니"
      },
      "expansion": "-이니",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "은"
      },
      "expansion": "은",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-라"
      },
      "expansion": "-라",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
      },
      "expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "京",
        "t": "capital city",
        "tr": "gyeong"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (gyeong, “capital city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "國號 徐羅伐 又 徐伐，今 俗 訓「京」字 云 徐伐，以此 故 也。",
        "2": "The name of the 􂀿capital of the􂁀 kingdom 􂀿of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s􂁀 was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, 􂀿even􂁀 today, the Korean word for the character <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">京</i> (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
        "3": "CL-KR",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "nocat": "y",
        "tr": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yb",
        "2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
        "3": "syěWùl",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdb",
        "2": "셔〯욿",
        "3": "syěwùlh",
        "also": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "pos": "Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tpelH-",
        "t": "city, fortification"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "2": "*kwòWòlh",
        "3": "town, district"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "2": "súkòWòl",
        "3": "rural town"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">徐羅伐</i> (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*tpelH-</i> (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">*고ᄫᆞᆶ</i> (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ</i> (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
        "2": "Etymological details",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\n國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "seoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "서울 • (seoul)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "gyeong",
      "word": "京"
    },
    {
      "english": "capital",
      "word": "the hanja for"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean dated terms",
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Paris is the capital of France.",
          "roman": "Pari-neun Peurangseu-ui seour-ida.",
          "text": "파리는 프랑스의 서울이다.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "The capital of our country (i.e. Korea) is Seoul.",
          "roman": "urinara-ui seour-eun Seour-ida.",
          "text": "우리나라의 서울은 서울이다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "capital; large city"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "capital",
          "capital"
        ],
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) capital; large city"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "首都",
          "word": "수도"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[서울]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Silla"
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with audio links",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Native Korean words"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "my",
            "2": "ဆောအူလ်",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "首爾"
          },
          "expansion": "首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "possibly through a French-based romanization"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "Séoul",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: Séoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: Séoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1",
            "qq": "possible"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possible)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Seoul (possible)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ソウル",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ソウル",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ソウル"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "Seoul",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "Seúl",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: Seúl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: Seúl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
      },
      "expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-이니"
      },
      "expansion": "-이니",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "은"
      },
      "expansion": "은",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-라"
      },
      "expansion": "-라",
      "name": "small"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
      },
      "expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "京",
        "t": "capital city",
        "tr": "gyeong"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (gyeong, “capital city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "國號 徐羅伐 又 徐伐，今 俗 訓「京」字 云 徐伐，以此 故 也。",
        "2": "The name of the 􂀿capital of the􂁀 kingdom 􂀿of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s􂁀 was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, 􂀿even􂁀 today, the Korean word for the character <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">京</i> (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
        "3": "CL-KR",
        "collapsed": "y",
        "nocat": "y",
        "tr": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라</span>"
      },
      "expansion": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
      "name": "zh-x"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "yb",
        "2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
        "3": "syěWùl",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdb",
        "2": "셔〯욿",
        "3": "syěwùlh",
        "also": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "oko",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Korean",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "徐羅伐",
        "pos": "Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol"
      },
      "expansion": "徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*tpelH-",
        "t": "city, fortification"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ",
        "2": "*kwòWòlh",
        "3": "town, district"
      },
      "expansion": "*고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ",
        "2": "súkòWòl",
        "3": "rural town"
      },
      "expansion": "스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">徐羅伐</i> (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*tpelH-</i> (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">*고ᄫᆞᆶ</i> (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ</i> (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
        "2": "Etymological details",
        "bg": "#FFFFFF"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "collapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\n國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]\n국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라 [Sino-Korean]\nThe name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "서울 • (Seoul)",
      "name": "ko-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "Hanseong",
      "word": "한성(漢城)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Gyeongseong",
      "word": "경성(京城)"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with audio links",
        "Korean terms with usage examples",
        "ko:Cities in South Korea",
        "ko:National capitals",
        "ko:Places in South Korea",
        "ko:Seoul"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "서울에 가요.\nSeour-e gayo.\n(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul\nAudio (South Korea) (file)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Seoul",
          "Seoul#English"
        ],
        [
          "capital city",
          "capital city"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Seoul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[서울]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Silla",
    "ko:서울특별시"
  ],
  "word": "서울"
}