See 서울 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gyeong",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
},
"expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-이니"
},
"expansion": "-이니",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "은"
},
"expansion": "은",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-라"
},
"expansion": "-라",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
},
"expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yb",
"2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
"3": "syěWùl",
"hangul": "y"
},
"expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdb",
"2": "셔〯욿",
"3": "syěwùlh",
"also": "y"
},
"expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).\nEtymological details\nAs mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean *고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seoul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "서울 • (seoul)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Paris is the capital of France.",
"roman": "Pari-neun Peurangseu-ui seour-ida.",
"text": "파리는 프랑스의 서울이다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of our country (i.e. Korea) is Seoul.",
"roman": "urinara-ui seour-eun Seour-ida.",
"text": "우리나라의 서울은 서울이다.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"capital; large city"
],
"id": "en-서울-ko-noun-h-TJmq-v",
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) capital; large city"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "gyeong",
"word": "京"
},
{
"english": "capital",
"word": "the hanja for"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "首都",
"word": "수도"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "서울"
},
{
"other": "[서울]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla"
],
"word": "서울"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဆောအူလ်",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首爾"
},
"expansion": "首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "possibly through a French-based romanization"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Séoul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Séoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Séoul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "possible"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possible)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Seoul (possible)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ソウル",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ソウル",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ソウル"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Seúl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: Seúl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: Seúl"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gyeong",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
},
"expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-이니"
},
"expansion": "-이니",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "은"
},
"expansion": "은",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-라"
},
"expansion": "-라",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
},
"expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yb",
"2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
"3": "syěWùl",
"hangul": "y"
},
"expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdb",
"2": "셔〯욿",
"3": "syěwùlh",
"also": "y"
},
"expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).\nEtymological details\nAs mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean *고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "서울 • (Seoul)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Cities in South Korea",
"orig": "ko:Cities in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "ko:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Places in South Korea",
"orig": "ko:Places in South Korea",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Seoul",
"orig": "ko:Seoul",
"parents": [
"South Korea",
"Asia",
"Korea",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "44 6 44 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Native Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "서울에 가요.\nSeour-e gayo.\n(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul\nAudio (South Korea): (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"id": "en-서울-ko-name-6esF9GZQ",
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "Hanseong",
"word": "한성(漢城)"
},
{
"roman": "Gyeongseong",
"word": "경성(京城)"
}
],
"tags": [
"Seoul"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "서울"
},
{
"other": "[서울]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla",
"ko:서울특별시"
],
"word": "서울"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gyeong",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
},
"expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-이니"
},
"expansion": "-이니",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "은"
},
"expansion": "은",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-라"
},
"expansion": "-라",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
},
"expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yb",
"2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
"3": "syěWùl",
"hangul": "y"
},
"expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdb",
"2": "셔〯욿",
"3": "syěwùlh",
"also": "y"
},
"expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).\nEtymological details\nAs mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean *고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "seoul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "서울 • (seoul)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "gyeong",
"word": "京"
},
{
"english": "capital",
"word": "the hanja for"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean dated terms",
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Paris is the capital of France.",
"roman": "Pari-neun Peurangseu-ui seour-ida.",
"text": "파리는 프랑스의 서울이다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of our country (i.e. Korea) is Seoul.",
"roman": "urinara-ui seour-eun Seour-ida.",
"text": "우리나라의 서울은 서울이다.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"capital; large city"
],
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) capital; large city"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "首都",
"word": "수도"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "서울"
},
{
"other": "[서울]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla"
],
"word": "서울"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean proper nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms derived from Old Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Old Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဆောအူလ်",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "首爾"
},
"expansion": "首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "possibly through a French-based romanization"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Séoul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Séoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Séoul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "possible"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Seoul (possible)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Seoul (possible)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ソウル",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ソウル",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ソウル"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "Seoul",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Seúl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: Seúl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: Seúl"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gyeong",
"tags": [
"Sino-Korean"
],
"text": "國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사"
},
"expansion": "三國遺事 / 삼국유사",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-이니"
},
"expansion": "-이니",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "은"
},
"expansion": "은",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-라"
},
"expansion": "-라",
"name": "small"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)"
},
"expansion": "국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yb",
"2": "셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ",
"3": "syěWùl",
"hangul": "y"
},
"expansion": "In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdb",
"2": "셔〯욿",
"3": "syěwùlh",
"also": "y"
},
"expansion": "Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the generic \"capital\" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:\n:\nThe modern sense of \"Seoul\" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.\nIn the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).\nAlso attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).\nEtymological details\nAs mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of \"capital\" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:\n* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.\n* an Old Korean word meaning \"town\", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean *고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.\nHence the word may originally have meant \"the town of the Silla\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "서울 • (Seoul)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Hanseong",
"word": "한성(漢城)"
},
{
"roman": "Gyeongseong",
"word": "경성(京城)"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with audio links",
"Korean terms with usage examples",
"ko:Cities in South Korea",
"ko:National capitals",
"ko:Places in South Korea",
"ko:Seoul"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "서울에 가요.\nSeour-e gayo.\n(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul\nAudio (South Korea): (file)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)"
],
"links": [
[
"Seoul",
"Seoul#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"South Korea",
"South Korea#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Seoul"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[sʰʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "서울"
},
{
"other": "[서울]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Silla",
"ko:서울특별시"
],
"word": "서울"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 서울 meaning in Korean (11.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.