"고생하다" meaning in All languages combined

See 고생하다 on Wiktionary

Verb [Korean]

IPA: [ko̞sʰɛŋɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul], [ko̞sʰe̞ŋɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{af|ko|고생(苦生)|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 고생하다 • (gosaenghada) (infinitive 고생해 or 고생하여, sequential 고생하니) Forms: gosaenghada [romanization], 고생해 [infinitive], 고생하여 [infinitive], 고생하니 [sequential], irregular [table-tags], 고생한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고생해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고생해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고생합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 고생했다 [formal, indicative, past], 고생했어 [indicative, informal, past], 고생했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 고생했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 고생하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고생해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고생해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고생합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고생했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 고생했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고생했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 고생했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 고생하자 [formal, hortative], 고생해 [hortative, informal], 고생해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 고생하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 고생해라 [formal, imperative], 고생하여라 [formal, imperative], 고생해 [imperative, informal], 고생해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 고생합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 고생하겠다 [assertive, formal], 고생하겠어 [assertive, informal], 고생하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 고생하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 고생해 [causative, formal], 고생해서 [causative, informal], 고생하여서 [causative, informal], 고생하니 [causative, informal, polite], 고생하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 고생하지만 [contrastive, formal], 고생하는데 [contrastive, informal], 고생하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 고생하고 [conjunctive, formal], 고생하면 [conditional, formal], 고생해야 [conditional, informal], 고생하여야 [conditional, informal], 고생하려고 [formal, motive-form], 고생함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 고생하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고생했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생한 [determiner, formal, past], 고생하는 [determiner, formal, present], 고생할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 고생하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 고생하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 고생하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고생하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 고생하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 고생하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 고생하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 고생하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 고생하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 고생하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 고생하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 고생하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고생하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고생하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 고생하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 고생하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 고생하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 고생하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 고생하시라 [formal, imperative], 고생하셔 [imperative, informal], 고생하세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 고생하십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 고생하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 고생하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 고생하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 고생하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 고생하셔 [causative, formal], 고생하셔서 [causative, informal], 고생하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 고생하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 고생하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 고생하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 고생하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 고생하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 고생하시면 [conditional, formal], 고생하셔야 [conditional, informal], 고생하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 고생하심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 고생하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 고생하셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 고생하신 [determiner, formal, past], 고생하시는 [determiner, formal, present], 고생하실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. (intransitive) to have a hard time, to go through hardship Tags: intransitive
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고생(苦生)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gosaenghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생한다",
      "roman": "gosaenghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했다",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했습니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하자",
      "roman": "gosaenghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십시다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해라",
      "roman": "gosaenghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여라",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합시오",
      "roman": "gosaenghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠다",
      "roman": "gosaenghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠어",
      "roman": "gosaenghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해서",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여서",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니",
      "roman": "gosaenghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하지만",
      "roman": "gosaenghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하는데",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하더니",
      "roman": "gosaenghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하고",
      "roman": "gosaenghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하면",
      "roman": "gosaenghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해야",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여야",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하려고",
      "roman": "gosaengharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생함",
      "roman": "gosaengham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하기",
      "roman": "gosaenghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했음",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하였음",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했기",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하였기",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생한",
      "roman": "gosaenghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하는",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생할",
      "roman": "gosaenghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하신다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시라",
      "roman": "gosaenghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십시오",
      "roman": "gosaenghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔서",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시니",
      "roman": "gosaenghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시지만",
      "roman": "gosaenghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시는데",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시더니",
      "roman": "gosaenghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시고",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시면",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔야",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시려고",
      "roman": "gosaenghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하심",
      "roman": "gosaenghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시기",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨음",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨기",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하신",
      "roman": "gosaenghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시는",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하실",
      "roman": "gosaenghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고생하다 • (gosaenghada) (infinitive 고생해 or 고생하여, sequential 고생하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to have a hard time, to go through hardship"
      ],
      "id": "en-고생하다-ko-verb-zpphykZo",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to have a hard time, to go through hardship"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰɛŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰe̞ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고생하다"
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고셍하다"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고생하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "고생(苦生)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "고생(苦生) (gosaeng) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gosaenghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생한다",
      "roman": "gosaenghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했다",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했습니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하자",
      "roman": "gosaenghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십시다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해라",
      "roman": "gosaenghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여라",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생합시오",
      "roman": "gosaenghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠다",
      "roman": "gosaenghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠어",
      "roman": "gosaenghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해",
      "roman": "gosaenghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해서",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여서",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니",
      "roman": "gosaenghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하지만",
      "roman": "gosaenghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하는데",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하더니",
      "roman": "gosaenghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하고",
      "roman": "gosaenghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하면",
      "roman": "gosaenghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생해야",
      "roman": "gosaenghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하여야",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하려고",
      "roman": "gosaengharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생함",
      "roman": "gosaengham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하기",
      "roman": "gosaenghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했음",
      "roman": "gosaenghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하였음",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생했기",
      "roman": "gosaenghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하였기",
      "roman": "gosaenghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생한",
      "roman": "gosaenghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하는",
      "roman": "gosaenghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생할",
      "roman": "gosaenghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하신다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시라",
      "roman": "gosaenghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하세요",
      "roman": "gosaenghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하십시오",
      "roman": "gosaenghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠어",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔서",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시니",
      "roman": "gosaenghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시니까",
      "roman": "gosaenghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시지만",
      "roman": "gosaenghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시는데",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시더니",
      "roman": "gosaenghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시고",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시면",
      "roman": "gosaenghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셔야",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시려고",
      "roman": "gosaenghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하심",
      "roman": "gosaenghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시기",
      "roman": "gosaenghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨음",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하셨기",
      "roman": "gosaenghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하신",
      "roman": "gosaenghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하시는",
      "roman": "gosaenghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "고생하실",
      "roman": "gosaenghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "고생하다 • (gosaenghada) (infinitive 고생해 or 고생하여, sequential 고생하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean intransitive verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to have a hard time, to go through hardship"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to have a hard time, to go through hardship"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰɛŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰe̞ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고생하다"
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고셍하다"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고생하다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 고생하다 meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.