See 겨울 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wc",
"2": "겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮",
"3": "kyèzúlh"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如月",
"t": "the second month of the lunar calendar",
"tr": "kisaragi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 如月 (kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ㅕ",
"2": "ye"
},
"expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "뎔〮",
"2": "tyél",
"ko": "절"
},
"expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寺",
"2": "てら",
"3": "temple",
"pos": "(very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
},
"expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, (very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "셤〯",
"2": "syěm",
"ko": "섬"
},
"expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "嶋",
"2": "セマ",
"linkto": "斯麻",
"pos": "transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
},
"expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "별",
"2": "star"
},
"expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "倍留",
"2": "ぺる",
"linkto": "-",
"pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
},
"expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).\nCompare dialect forms 겨욹 (gyeouk), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo'eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).\nJames Marshall Unger (2001) asserts it is probably the source of Japanese 如月 (kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”). However this theory is problematic for the following reasons:\n* The 2nd month of the East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is not considered winter.\n* The vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) in Koreanic languages had been constantly transcribed as in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] in standard Korean (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, (very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gyeoul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "겨울 • (gyeoul)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Native Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "ko:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Winter",
"orig": "ko:Winter",
"parents": [
"Seasons",
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "spring",
"roman": "bom",
"word": "봄"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"roman": "yeoreum",
"word": "여름"
},
{
"english": "fall; autumn",
"roman": "ga'eul",
"word": "가을"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "all winter long",
"roman": "gyeounae",
"word": "겨우내"
},
{
"english": "preparation for winter; wintering",
"roman": "gyeousari",
"word": "겨우살이"
},
{
"english": "winter day",
"roman": "gyeoullal",
"word": "겨울날"
},
{
"english": "winter rain",
"roman": "gyeoulbi",
"word": "겨울비"
},
{
"english": "winter bird",
"roman": "gyeoulsae",
"word": "겨울새"
},
{
"english": "winter sleep, hibernation",
"roman": "gyeouljam",
"word": "겨울잠"
},
{
"english": "winter season",
"roman": "gyeoulcheol",
"word": "겨울철"
},
{
"english": "winter coat, fur coat",
"roman": "gyeoulteol",
"word": "겨울털"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-겨울-ko-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "dong",
"word": "冬"
},
{
"word": "the hanja for winter"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "시한"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"James Marshall Unger",
"Wakan Sansai Zue"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kjʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "겨울"
},
{
"other": "[겨울]"
}
],
"word": "겨울"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "spring",
"roman": "bom",
"word": "봄"
},
{
"english": "summer",
"roman": "yeoreum",
"word": "여름"
},
{
"english": "fall; autumn",
"roman": "ga'eul",
"word": "가을"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "all winter long",
"roman": "gyeounae",
"word": "겨우내"
},
{
"english": "preparation for winter; wintering",
"roman": "gyeousari",
"word": "겨우살이"
},
{
"english": "winter day",
"roman": "gyeoullal",
"word": "겨울날"
},
{
"english": "winter rain",
"roman": "gyeoulbi",
"word": "겨울비"
},
{
"english": "winter bird",
"roman": "gyeoulsae",
"word": "겨울새"
},
{
"english": "winter sleep, hibernation",
"roman": "gyeouljam",
"word": "겨울잠"
},
{
"english": "winter season",
"roman": "gyeoulcheol",
"word": "겨울철"
},
{
"english": "winter coat, fur coat",
"roman": "gyeoulteol",
"word": "겨울털"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wc",
"2": "겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮",
"3": "kyèzúlh"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).",
"name": "ko-etym-native"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "如月",
"t": "the second month of the lunar calendar",
"tr": "kisaragi"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 如月 (kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ㅕ",
"2": "ye"
},
"expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "뎔〮",
"2": "tyél",
"ko": "절"
},
"expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "寺",
"2": "てら",
"3": "temple",
"pos": "(very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
},
"expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, (very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "셤〯",
"2": "syěm",
"ko": "섬"
},
"expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "嶋",
"2": "セマ",
"linkto": "斯麻",
"pos": "transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
},
"expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "별",
"2": "star"
},
"expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
"name": "ko-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "倍留",
"2": "ぺる",
"linkto": "-",
"pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
},
"expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).\nCompare dialect forms 겨욹 (gyeouk), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo'eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).\nJames Marshall Unger (2001) asserts it is probably the source of Japanese 如月 (kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”). However this theory is problematic for the following reasons:\n* The 2nd month of the East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is not considered winter.\n* The vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) in Koreanic languages had been constantly transcribed as in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] in standard Korean (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, (very likely) borrowed from a Koreanic language (likely Baekje), related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of a(n archaic) Baekje/Koreanic word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gyeoul",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "겨울 • (gyeoul)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dong",
"word": "冬"
},
{
"word": "the hanja for winter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Native Korean words",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ko:Seasons",
"ko:Winter"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "시한"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"James Marshall Unger",
"Wakan Sansai Zue"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kjʌ̹uɭ]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "겨울"
},
{
"other": "[겨울]"
}
],
"word": "겨울"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 겨울 meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.