"겨울" meaning in Korean

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wc",
        "2": "겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮",
        "3": "kyèzúlh"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨욹"
      },
      "expansion": "겨욹 (gyeouk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저슭"
      },
      "expansion": "저슭 (jeoseuk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저싥"
      },
      "expansion": "저싥 (jeosik)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "줅"
      },
      "expansion": "줅 (juk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨을"
      },
      "expansion": "겨을 (gyeo'eul)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "줄기"
      },
      "expansion": "줄기 (julgi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절기"
      },
      "expansion": "절기 (jeolgi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저슬"
      },
      "expansion": "저슬 (jeoseul)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저실"
      },
      "expansion": "저실 (jeosil)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "겨시‐",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "겨시‐",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "겨시‐",
        "2": "kyesi-",
        "3": "to stay",
        "4": "",
        "5": "honorific"
      },
      "expansion": "겨시‐ (Yale: kyesi-, “to stay”, honorific)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ㄹ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ㄹ",
        "2": "-l",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "irrealis adnominal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ (Yale: -l, irrealis adnominal suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ㅎ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅎ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ㅎ",
        "2": "-h",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "suffix to make a noun"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅎ (Yale: -h, suffix to make a noun)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "如月",
        "t": "the second month of the lunar calendar",
        "tr": "Kisaragi"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 如月 (Kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "ㅕ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅕ",
        "2": "ye"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "뎔〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "뎔〮",
        "2": "tyél",
        "ko": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寺",
        "2": "てら",
        "3": "temple",
        "pos": "borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
      },
      "expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "셤〯",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "섬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "섬 (seom)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "셤〯",
        "2": "syěm",
        "ko": "섬"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嶋",
        "2": "セマ",
        "linkto": "斯麻",
        "pos": "transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
      },
      "expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "별",
        "2": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "倍留",
        "2": "ぺる",
        "linkto": "-",
        "pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
      },
      "expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).\nCompare dialect forms 겨욹 (gyeouk), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo'eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).\nGenerally considered to be a compound from\n겨시‐ (Yale: kyesi-, “to stay”, honorific) + ㄹ (Yale: -l, irrealis adnominal suffix) + ㅎ (Yale: -h, suffix to make a noun) in the sense of \"cold season to stay inside\".\nJames Marshall Unger (2001) asserts it is probably cognate to Japanese 如月 (Kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”). However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons:\n* The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter.\n* Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gyeoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "겨울 • (gyeoul)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Seasons",
          "orig": "ko:Seasons",
          "parents": [
            "Nature",
            "Periodic occurrences",
            "All topics",
            "Time",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "english": "spring",
          "roman": "bom",
          "word": "봄"
        },
        {
          "english": "summer",
          "roman": "yeoreum",
          "word": "여름"
        },
        {
          "english": "fall; autumn",
          "roman": "ga'eul",
          "word": "가을"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "all winter long",
          "roman": "gyeounae",
          "word": "겨우내"
        },
        {
          "english": "preparation for winter; wintering",
          "roman": "gyeousari",
          "word": "겨우살이"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter day",
          "roman": "gyeoullal",
          "word": "겨울날"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter rain",
          "roman": "gyeoulbi",
          "word": "겨울비"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter bird",
          "roman": "gyeoulsae",
          "word": "겨울새"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter sleep, hibernation",
          "roman": "gyeouljam",
          "word": "겨울잠"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter season",
          "roman": "gyeoulcheol",
          "word": "겨울철"
        },
        {
          "english": "winter coat, fur coat",
          "roman": "gyeoulteol",
          "word": "겨울털"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "winter"
      ],
      "id": "en-겨울-ko-noun-MMVGH8J7",
      "links": [
        [
          "winter",
          "winter"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "dong",
          "word": "冬"
        },
        {
          "word": "the hanja for winter"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "시한"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "James Marshall Unger",
        "Wakan Sansai Zue"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kjʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[겨울]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "겨울"
}

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "english": "spring",
      "roman": "bom",
      "word": "봄"
    },
    {
      "english": "summer",
      "roman": "yeoreum",
      "word": "여름"
    },
    {
      "english": "fall; autumn",
      "roman": "ga'eul",
      "word": "가을"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "all winter long",
      "roman": "gyeounae",
      "word": "겨우내"
    },
    {
      "english": "preparation for winter; wintering",
      "roman": "gyeousari",
      "word": "겨우살이"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter day",
      "roman": "gyeoullal",
      "word": "겨울날"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter rain",
      "roman": "gyeoulbi",
      "word": "겨울비"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter bird",
      "roman": "gyeoulsae",
      "word": "겨울새"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter sleep, hibernation",
      "roman": "gyeouljam",
      "word": "겨울잠"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter season",
      "roman": "gyeoulcheol",
      "word": "겨울철"
    },
    {
      "english": "winter coat, fur coat",
      "roman": "gyeoulteol",
      "word": "겨울털"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wc",
        "2": "겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮",
        "3": "kyèzúlh"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨욹"
      },
      "expansion": "겨욹 (gyeouk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저슭"
      },
      "expansion": "저슭 (jeoseuk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저싥"
      },
      "expansion": "저싥 (jeosik)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "줅"
      },
      "expansion": "줅 (juk)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "겨을"
      },
      "expansion": "겨을 (gyeo'eul)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "줄기"
      },
      "expansion": "줄기 (julgi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절기"
      },
      "expansion": "절기 (jeolgi)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저슬"
      },
      "expansion": "저슬 (jeoseul)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "저실"
      },
      "expansion": "저실 (jeosil)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "겨시‐",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "겨시‐",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "겨시‐",
        "2": "kyesi-",
        "3": "to stay",
        "4": "",
        "5": "honorific"
      },
      "expansion": "겨시‐ (Yale: kyesi-, “to stay”, honorific)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ㄹ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ㄹ",
        "2": "-l",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "irrealis adnominal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "ㄹ (Yale: -l, irrealis adnominal suffix)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "-ㅎ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅎ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ㅎ",
        "2": "-h",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "suffix to make a noun"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅎ (Yale: -h, suffix to make a noun)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "如月",
        "t": "the second month of the lunar calendar",
        "tr": "Kisaragi"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 如月 (Kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "ㅕ",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ㅕ",
        "2": "ye"
      },
      "expansion": "ㅕ (Yale: ye)",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "뎔〮",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "절",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "절 (jeol)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "뎔〮",
        "2": "tyél",
        "ko": "절"
      },
      "expansion": "뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寺",
        "2": "てら",
        "3": "temple",
        "pos": "borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">뎔〮</i> (Yale: tyél; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">절</i> (jeol))"
      },
      "expansion": "寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "셤〯",
        "tr": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "섬",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "섬 (seom)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "셤〯",
        "2": "syěm",
        "ko": "섬"
      },
      "expansion": "셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))",
      "name": "okm-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "嶋",
        "2": "セマ",
        "linkto": "斯麻",
        "pos": "transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"okm\">셤〯</i> (Yale: syěm; modern Korean <i class=\"Kore mention\" lang=\"ko\">섬</i> (seom))"
      },
      "expansion": "嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom)))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "별",
        "2": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "별 (byeol, “star”)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "倍留",
        "2": "ぺる",
        "linkto": "-",
        "pos": "transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712"
      },
      "expansion": "倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).\nCompare dialect forms 겨욹 (gyeouk), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo'eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).\nGenerally considered to be a compound from\n겨시‐ (Yale: kyesi-, “to stay”, honorific) + ㄹ (Yale: -l, irrealis adnominal suffix) + ㅎ (Yale: -h, suffix to make a noun) in the sense of \"cold season to stay inside\".\nJames Marshall Unger (2001) asserts it is probably cognate to Japanese 如月 (Kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”). However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons:\n* The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter.\n* Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for \"island\", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gyeoul",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "겨울 • (gyeoul)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "dong",
      "word": "冬"
    },
    {
      "word": "the hanja for winter"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Native Korean words",
        "ko:Seasons"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "winter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "winter",
          "winter"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "시한"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "James Marshall Unger",
        "Wakan Sansai Zue"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kjʌ̹uɭ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[겨울]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "겨울"
}