See 개화 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "開化"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開",
"2": "open, begin, operate",
"3": "化",
"4": "become, make, turn into"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 開化, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 化 (“become, make, turn into”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開化",
"2": "かいか"
},
"expansion": "開化(かいか) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 開化, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 化 (“become, make, turn into”). See also Japanese 開化(かいか) (kaika).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "開化",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "開化"
},
"expansion": "개화 • (gaehwa) (hanja 開化)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to be enlightened, civilized",
"roman": "gaehwadoeda",
"word": "개화(開化)되다"
},
{
"english": "to enlighten, civilize",
"roman": "gaehwahada",
"word": "개화(開化)하다"
},
{
"english": "enlightenment movement",
"roman": "gaehwaundong",
"word": "개화운동(開化運動)"
},
{
"english": "a civilized person",
"roman": "gaehwain",
"word": "개화인(開化人)"
},
{
"english": "civilization and enlightenment",
"roman": "munmyeonggaehwa",
"word": "문명개화(文明開化)"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a civilized people",
"roman": "gaehwadoen gungmin",
"text": "개화된 국민",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enlightenment, civilization"
],
"id": "en-개화-ko-noun-XiU9kqqh",
"links": [
[
"enlightenment",
"enlightenment"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɛβwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞βwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "개화"
},
{
"hangeul": "게화"
}
],
"word": "개화"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "開花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開",
"2": "open, begin, operate",
"3": "花",
"4": "flower, blossom, bloom"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 開花, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 花 (“flower, blossom, bloom”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開花",
"2": "かいか"
},
"expansion": "開花(かいか) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 開花, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 花 (“flower, blossom, bloom”). See also Japanese 開花(かいか) (kaika).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "開花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "開花"
},
"expansion": "개화 • (gaehwa) (hanja 開花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to flower, bloom, blossom, flourish",
"roman": "gaehwahada",
"word": "개화(開花)하다"
},
{
"english": "a blooming period, efflorescence",
"roman": "gaehwagi",
"word": "개화기(開花期)"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
34,
41
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a time-lapse sequence of a flower opening",
"roman": "gaehwa-reul jeosok chwaryeonghan sikwonseu",
"text": "개화를 저속 촬영한 시퀀스",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flowering, blooming, blossoming, flourishing, efflorescence"
],
"id": "en-개화-ko-noun-V0ZsdTMq",
"links": [
[
"flowering",
"flowering"
],
[
"blooming",
"blooming"
],
[
"blossoming",
"blossoming"
],
[
"flourishing",
"flourishing"
],
[
"efflorescence",
"efflorescence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɛβwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞βwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "개화"
},
{
"hangeul": "게화"
}
],
"word": "개화"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to be enlightened, civilized",
"roman": "gaehwadoeda",
"word": "개화(開化)되다"
},
{
"english": "to enlighten, civilize",
"roman": "gaehwahada",
"word": "개화(開化)하다"
},
{
"english": "enlightenment movement",
"roman": "gaehwaundong",
"word": "개화운동(開化運動)"
},
{
"english": "a civilized person",
"roman": "gaehwain",
"word": "개화인(開化人)"
},
{
"english": "civilization and enlightenment",
"roman": "munmyeonggaehwa",
"word": "문명개화(文明開化)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "開化"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開",
"2": "open, begin, operate",
"3": "化",
"4": "become, make, turn into"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 開化, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 化 (“become, make, turn into”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開化",
"2": "かいか"
},
"expansion": "開化(かいか) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 開化, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 化 (“become, make, turn into”). See also Japanese 開化(かいか) (kaika).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "開化",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "開化"
},
"expansion": "개화 • (gaehwa) (hanja 開化)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a civilized people",
"roman": "gaehwadoen gungmin",
"text": "개화된 국민",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enlightenment, civilization"
],
"links": [
[
"enlightenment",
"enlightenment"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɛβwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞βwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "개화"
},
{
"hangeul": "게화"
}
],
"word": "개화"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to flower, bloom, blossom, flourish",
"roman": "gaehwahada",
"word": "개화(開花)하다"
},
{
"english": "a blooming period, efflorescence",
"roman": "gaehwagi",
"word": "개화기(開花期)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "開花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開",
"2": "open, begin, operate",
"3": "花",
"4": "flower, blossom, bloom"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 開花, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 花 (“flower, blossom, bloom”)",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "開花",
"2": "かいか"
},
"expansion": "開花(かいか) (kaika)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 開花, from 開 (“open, begin, operate”) + 花 (“flower, blossom, bloom”). See also Japanese 開花(かいか) (kaika).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gaehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "開花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "開花"
},
"expansion": "개화 • (gaehwa) (hanja 開花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
34,
41
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "a time-lapse sequence of a flower opening",
"roman": "gaehwa-reul jeosok chwaryeonghan sikwonseu",
"text": "개화를 저속 촬영한 시퀀스",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flowering, blooming, blossoming, flourishing, efflorescence"
],
"links": [
[
"flowering",
"flowering"
],
[
"blooming",
"blooming"
],
[
"blossoming",
"blossoming"
],
[
"flourishing",
"flourishing"
],
[
"efflorescence",
"efflorescence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɛβwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ke̞βwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "개화"
},
{
"hangeul": "게화"
}
],
"word": "개화"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 개화 meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.