See 読む on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 読む meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kūki o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"くう"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "空気を読む"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "koyomi",
"ruby": [
[
"暦",
"こよみ"
]
],
"word": "暦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "byōyomi",
"ruby": [
[
"秒",
"びょう"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "秒読み"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "読む",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "読み",
"roman": "yomi",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "読んだ",
"roman": "yonda",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "読ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "よまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "読ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "読ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "よませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "よます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "読める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "よめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "yomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "読もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "よもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "読まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "よまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "読まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "よまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "読みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "よみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "読んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "よんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "yonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "読んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "よんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "読めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "よめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "yomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "よむ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "読(よ)む • (yomu) transitive godan (stem 読(よ)み (yomi), past 読(よ)んだ (yonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "reading",
"roman": "dokusho",
"ruby": [
[
"読書",
"どくしょ"
]
],
"word": "読書"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "reader",
"roman": "dokusha",
"ruby": [
[
"読者",
"どくしゃ"
]
],
"word": "読者"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "author, writer",
"roman": "chosha",
"ruby": [
[
"著者",
"ちょしゃ"
]
],
"word": "著者"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 23 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I want to read this book.",
"roman": "Kono hon o yomitai desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "この本を読みたいです。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read (look at and interpret written text)"
],
"id": "en-読む-ja-verb-9IPcVuyl",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 23 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How do you say this?",
"roman": "Kore nan te yomu?",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "これなんて読む？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read (speak aloud written text)"
],
"id": "en-読む-ja-verb-EpQ4jK1G",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 23 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to guess the opponent's plan",
"roman": "aite no te no uchi o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"内",
"うち"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "相手の手の内を読む"
},
{
"english": "We could not read their intentions.",
"roman": "aite no dekata o yomisokoneta",
"ruby": [
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"出方",
"でかた"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "相手の出方を読みそこねた"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to infer; to speculate"
],
"id": "en-読む-ja-verb-iRmPrXzY",
"links": [
[
"infer",
"infer"
],
[
"speculate",
"speculate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 23 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 27 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 24 26 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 26 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to count votes",
"roman": "hyō o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"票",
"ひょう"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "票を読む"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to count"
],
"id": "en-読む-ja-verb-Ty~A-DMC",
"links": [
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "よむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jo̞mɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "読む"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kūki o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"空",
"くう"
],
[
"気",
"き"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "空気を読む"
},
{
"roman": "koyomi",
"ruby": [
[
"暦",
"こよみ"
]
],
"word": "暦"
},
{
"roman": "byōyomi",
"ruby": [
[
"秒",
"びょう"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "秒読み"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "読む",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "yomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "読み",
"roman": "yomi",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "読んだ",
"roman": "yonda",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-mu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "読ま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よま",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yoma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読み",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よみ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yomi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読む",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yomu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "よめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "yome",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "読まれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "よまれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "yomareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "読ませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "読ます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "よませる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "よます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "読める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "よめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "yomeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "読もう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "よもう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "yomō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "読まない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "よまない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "読まず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "よまず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "yomazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "読みます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "よみます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "yomimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "読んだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "よんだ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "yonda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "読んで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "よんで",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "yonde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "読めば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "よめば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "yomeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "よむ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "読(よ)む • (yomu) transitive godan (stem 読(よ)み (yomi), past 読(よ)んだ (yonda))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "reading",
"roman": "dokusho",
"ruby": [
[
"読書",
"どくしょ"
]
],
"word": "読書"
},
{
"english": "reader",
"roman": "dokusha",
"ruby": [
[
"読者",
"どくしゃ"
]
],
"word": "読者"
},
{
"english": "author, writer",
"roman": "chosha",
"ruby": [
[
"著者",
"ちょしゃ"
]
],
"word": "著者"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I want to read this book.",
"roman": "Kono hon o yomitai desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "この本を読みたいです。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read (look at and interpret written text)"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How do you say this?",
"roman": "Kore nan te yomu?",
"ruby": [
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "これなんて読む？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to read (speak aloud written text)"
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to guess the opponent's plan",
"roman": "aite no te no uchi o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"内",
"うち"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "相手の手の内を読む"
},
{
"english": "We could not read their intentions.",
"roman": "aite no dekata o yomisokoneta",
"ruby": [
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"出方",
"でかた"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "相手の出方を読みそこねた"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to infer; to speculate"
],
"links": [
[
"infer",
"infer"
],
[
"speculate",
"speculate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to count votes",
"roman": "hyō o yomu",
"ruby": [
[
"票",
"ひょう"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "票を読む"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to count"
],
"links": [
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "よむ"
},
{
"ipa": "[jo̞mɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "読む"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"読む"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "読む",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.