"覚える" meaning in All languages combined

See 覚える on Wiktionary

Verb [Japanese]

IPA: [o̞bo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]
Etymology: /omo₂pu/ → /omwopoju/ → /omwoɸoju/ → /omoɸoju/ → /oboɸoju/ → /oboju/ → /obojuru/ → /obojeru/ → /oboeru/ Ultimately from Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, modern 思う omou, “to think (about or of something)”). The historical derivation is roughly as follows: * the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) omopa of Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, “think”, modern 思う omou) + ゆ (yu, Old Japanese verb suffix denoting intransitive, spontaneous, or passive action): : omopayu → omopoyu : The 思ほゆ (omopoyu) form is found in the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yōshū. * contraction and regular sound changes: : omopoyu → omofoyu → obowoyu → oboyu : This change is already evident by the early Heian period. * regular historical grammatical shifts occurring for classical 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs: : oboyu → oboyuru → oboyeru → oboeru : This set of shifts occurred during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. The verb was originally used in intransitive and passive contexts, in accordance with its derivation. It began to be used in more active and transitive contexts starting from roughly the mid-Heian period, with the learn and memorize senses appearing in the Kamakura period. Etymology templates: {{IPAfont|/omo₂pu/}} /omo₂pu/, {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=おぼえる}} Old Japanese, {{inh|ja|ojp|-|sort=おぼえる}} Old Japanese, {{cog|ojp|-}} Old Japanese Head templates: {{ja-verb|おぼえる|tr=trans|type=2}} 覚(おぼ)える • (oboeru) transitive ichidan (stem 覚(おぼ)え (oboe), past 覚(おぼ)えた (oboeta)) Forms: 覚える [canonical] (ruby: 覚(おぼ)), oboeru [romanization], 覚え [stem] (ruby: 覚(おぼ)), 覚えた [past] (ruby: 覚(おぼ)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 覚え [error-unrecognized-form], おぼえ [error-unrecognized-form], oboe [error-unrecognized-form], 覚える [error-unrecognized-form], おぼえる [error-unrecognized-form], oboeru [error-unrecognized-form], 覚えれ [error-unrecognized-form], おぼえれ [error-unrecognized-form], oboere [error-unrecognized-form], 覚えよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 覚えろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], おぼえよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], おぼえろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], oboeyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], oboero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 覚えられる [passive], おぼえられる [passive], oboerareru [passive], 覚えさせる [causative], 覚えさす [causative], おぼえさせる [causative], おぼえさす [causative], oboesaseru [causative], oboesasu [causative], 覚えられる [potential], 覚えれる [colloquial, potential], おぼえられる [potential], おぼえれる [colloquial, potential], oboerareru [potential], oboereru [colloquial, potential], 覚えよう [volitional], おぼえよう [volitional], oboeyō [volitional], 覚えない [negative], 覚えぬ [negative], 覚えん [negative], おぼえない [negative], おぼえぬ [negative], おぼえん [negative], oboenai [negative], oboenu [negative], oboen [negative], 覚えず [continuative, negative], おぼえず [continuative, negative], oboezu [continuative, negative], 覚えます [formal], おぼえます [formal], oboemasu [formal], 覚えた [perfective], おぼえた [perfective], oboeta [perfective], 覚えて [conjunctive], おぼえて [conjunctive], oboete [conjunctive], 覚えれば [conditional, hypothetical], おぼえれば [conditional, hypothetical], oboereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. 覚える, 憶える: to recall, to remember Synonyms (recall, remember): 思い出す (omoidasu) (ruby: 思(おも), 出(だ))
    Sense id: en-覚える-ja-verb-gowoMl7k Categories (other): Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant script codes, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 58 13 11 18 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 60 14 11 15 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 66 12 9 13 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 85 5 4 6 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 26 27 21 26 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 63 11 8 18 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 65 12 9 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 36 23 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 55 17 13 16 Disambiguation of 'recall, remember': 90 4 1 5
  2. 覚える: to learn
    Sense id: en-覚える-ja-verb-B4XEpfUG Categories (other): Japanese terms with 1 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 26 27 21 26
  3. 覚える, 憶える: to memorize
    Sense id: en-覚える-ja-verb-u0cEM8n3 Categories (other): Japanese terms with 1 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 26 27 21 26
  4. 覚える: to feel (an emotion or sense)
    Sense id: en-覚える-ja-verb-jpj0gmyT Categories (other): Japanese terms with 1 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 26 27 21 26
     
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to forget",
      "roman": "wasureru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "忘",
          "わす"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “recall, remember”",
      "word": "忘れる"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/omo₂pu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/omo₂pu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おぼえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おぼえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/omo₂pu/ → /omwopoju/ → /omwoɸoju/ → /omoɸoju/ → /oboɸoju/ → /oboju/ → /obojuru/ → /obojeru/ → /oboeru/\nUltimately from Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, modern 思う omou, “to think (about or of something)”). The historical derivation is roughly as follows:\n* the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) omopa of Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, “think”, modern 思う omou) + ゆ (yu, Old Japanese verb suffix denoting intransitive, spontaneous, or passive action):\n: omopayu → omopoyu\n: The 思ほゆ (omopoyu) form is found in the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yōshū.\n* contraction and regular sound changes:\n: omopoyu → omofoyu → obowoyu → oboyu\n: This change is already evident by the early Heian period.\n* regular historical grammatical shifts occurring for classical 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs:\n: oboyu → oboyuru → oboyeru → oboeru\n: This set of shifts occurred during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.\nThe verb was originally used in intransitive and passive contexts, in accordance with its derivation. It began to be used in more active and transitive contexts starting from roughly the mid-Heian period, with the learn and memorize senses appearing in the Kamakura period.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "覚える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚え",
      "roman": "oboe",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えた",
      "roman": "oboeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おぼえる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "覚(おぼ)える • (oboeru) transitive ichidan (stem 覚(おぼ)え (oboe), past 覚(おぼ)えた (oboeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 13 11 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 14 11 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 12 9 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 5 4 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 27 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 11 8 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 12 9 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 23 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 17 13 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Just you wait, bitch—!!",
          "ref": "2003 August 12, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).2(に) 記(き)憶(おく)の対(たい)価(か) [Chapitre 2: The Cost of Memory]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 74:",
          "roman": "Temē! Oboetero yo——‼",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "てめー！覚えてろよ——‼",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える, 憶える: to recall, to remember"
      ],
      "id": "en-覚える-ja-verb-gowoMl7k",
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "憶える",
          "憶える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "recall",
          "recall"
        ],
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 4 1 5",
          "roman": "omoidasu",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "思",
              "おも"
            ],
            [
              "出",
              "だ"
            ]
          ],
          "sense": "recall, remember",
          "word": "思い出す"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 27 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to learn to cook",
          "roman": "ryōri o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "料理",
              "りょうり"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "料理を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える: to learn"
      ],
      "id": "en-覚える-ja-verb-B4XEpfUG",
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "learn",
          "learn"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 27 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to memorize lyrics",
          "roman": "kashi o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "歌",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "詞",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "歌詞を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える, 憶える: to memorize"
      ],
      "id": "en-覚える-ja-verb-u0cEM8n3",
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "憶える",
          "憶える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "memorize",
          "memorize"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 27 21 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to get the sense that something is off",
          "roman": "iwakan o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "違",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "和",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "感",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "違和感を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える: to feel (an emotion or sense)"
      ],
      "id": "en-覚える-ja-verb-jpj0gmyT",
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おぼえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞bo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Heian period",
    "Kamakura period",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "覚える"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "to forget",
      "roman": "wasureru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "忘",
          "わす"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “recall, remember”",
      "word": "忘れる"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/omo₂pu/"
      },
      "expansion": "/omo₂pu/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おぼえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "おぼえる"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "/omo₂pu/ → /omwopoju/ → /omwoɸoju/ → /omoɸoju/ → /oboɸoju/ → /oboju/ → /obojuru/ → /obojeru/ → /oboeru/\nUltimately from Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, modern 思う omou, “to think (about or of something)”). The historical derivation is roughly as follows:\n* the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) omopa of Old Japanese verb 思ふ (omopu, “think”, modern 思う omou) + ゆ (yu, Old Japanese verb suffix denoting intransitive, spontaneous, or passive action):\n: omopayu → omopoyu\n: The 思ほゆ (omopoyu) form is found in the Nihon Shoki and the Man'yōshū.\n* contraction and regular sound changes:\n: omopoyu → omofoyu → obowoyu → oboyu\n: This change is already evident by the early Heian period.\n* regular historical grammatical shifts occurring for classical 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs:\n: oboyu → oboyuru → oboyeru → oboeru\n: This set of shifts occurred during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.\nThe verb was originally used in intransitive and passive contexts, in accordance with its derivation. It began to be used in more active and transitive contexts starting from roughly the mid-Heian period, with the learn and memorize senses appearing in the Kamakura period.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "覚える",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚え",
      "roman": "oboe",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えた",
      "roman": "oboeta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "覚",
          "おぼ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚え",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚える",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboeta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "覚えれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おぼえれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oboereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おぼえる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "覚(おぼ)える • (oboeru) transitive ichidan (stem 覚(おぼ)え (oboe), past 覚(おぼ)えた (oboeta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Just you wait, bitch—!!",
          "ref": "2003 August 12, CLAMP, “Chapitre(シャピトル).2(に) 記(き)憶(おく)の対(たい)価(か) [Chapitre 2: The Cost of Memory]”, in ツバサ ＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒ ＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 74:",
          "roman": "Temē! Oboetero yo——‼",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "てめー！覚えてろよ——‼",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える, 憶える: to recall, to remember"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "憶える",
          "憶える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "recall",
          "recall"
        ],
        [
          "remember",
          "remember"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to learn to cook",
          "roman": "ryōri o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "料理",
              "りょうり"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "料理を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える: to learn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "learn",
          "learn"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to memorize lyrics",
          "roman": "kashi o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "歌",
              "か"
            ],
            [
              "詞",
              "し"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "歌詞を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える, 憶える: to memorize"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "憶える",
          "憶える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "memorize",
          "memorize"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to get the sense that something is off",
          "roman": "iwakan o oboeru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "違",
              "い"
            ],
            [
              "和",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "感",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "覚",
              "おぼ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "違和感を覚える",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "覚える: to feel (an emotion or sense)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "覚える",
          "覚える#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おぼえる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞bo̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "omoidasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "思",
          "おも"
        ],
        [
          "出",
          "だ"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "recall, remember",
      "word": "思い出す"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijirin",
    "Heian period",
    "Kamakura period",
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "覚える"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 覚える meaning in All languages combined (10.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "覚える"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "覚える",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.