See 牛馬 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛马",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牛馬",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 12 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 11 43 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are tyrannical powers that “do not treat people as humans,” and not only as less than human, but even as inferior to livestock, as simply worthless things; once people begin to envy livestock and to heave sighs about how “people living in chaos are not as well off as dogs living in peace,” the eventual result is that people are valued more or less as livestock. It’s like the law in the Yuan dynasty that required the compensation of an ox when one killed someone else’s slave; at this point, people quite willingly submit and celebrate this as an age of peace and prosperity. Why so? Because although they are no longer considered human, they are at least considered as equals to livestock.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 April 29, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), Jottings under Lamplight (《燈下漫筆》), translated by Theodore Huters",
"roman": "Yǒu yīzhǒng bàolì, jiāng rén bùdāng rén, bùdàn bùdāng rén, hái bùjí niúmǎ, bùsuàn shénme dōngxi; dài dào rénmen xiànmù niúmǎ, fāshēng “luànlí rén, bùjí tàipíng quǎn” de tànxī de shíhòu, ránhòu jǐyǔ tā lüè děngyú niúmǎ de jiàgé, yǒurú Yuáncháo dìnglǜ, dǎsǐ biérén de núlì, péi yītóu niú, zé rénmen biàn yào xīnyuèchéngfú, gōng sòng tàipíng de shèngshì. Wèishénme ne? Yīnwèi tā suī bùsuàn rén, jiūjìng yǐ děngyú niúmǎ le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有一種暴力，將人不當人，不但不當人，還不及牛馬，不算什麼東西；待到人們羡慕牛馬，發生“亂離人，不及太平犬”的嘆息的時候，然後給與他略等于牛馬的價格，有如元朝定律，打死別人的奴隸，賠一頭牛，則人們便要心悅誠服，恭頌太平的盛世。為什麼呢？因為他雖不算人，究竟已等於牛馬了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "There are tyrannical powers that “do not treat people as humans,” and not only as less than human, but even as inferior to livestock, as simply worthless things; once people begin to envy livestock and to heave sighs about how “people living in chaos are not as well off as dogs living in peace,” the eventual result is that people are valued more or less as livestock. It’s like the law in the Yuan dynasty that required the compensation of an ox when one killed someone else’s slave; at this point, people quite willingly submit and celebrate this as an age of peace and prosperity. Why so? Because although they are no longer considered human, they are at least considered as equals to livestock.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 April 29, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), Jottings under Lamplight (《燈下漫筆》), translated by Theodore Huters",
"roman": "Yǒu yīzhǒng bàolì, jiāng rén bùdāng rén, bùdàn bùdāng rén, hái bùjí niúmǎ, bùsuàn shénme dōngxi; dài dào rénmen xiànmù niúmǎ, fāshēng “luànlí rén, bùjí tàipíng quǎn” de tànxī de shíhòu, ránhòu jǐyǔ tā lüè děngyú niúmǎ de jiàgé, yǒurú Yuáncháo dìnglǜ, dǎsǐ biérén de núlì, péi yītóu niú, zé rénmen biàn yào xīnyuèchéngfú, gōng sòng tàipíng de shèngshì. Wèishénme ne? Yīnwèi tā suī bùsuàn rén, jiūjìng yǐ děngyú niúmǎ le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有一种暴力，将人不当人，不但不当人，还不及牛马，不算什么东西；待到人们羡慕牛马，发生“乱离人，不及太平犬”的叹息的时候，然后给与他略等于牛马的价格，有如元朝定律，打死别人的奴隶，赔一头牛，则人们便要心悦诚服，恭颂太平的盛世。为什么呢？因为他虽不算人，究竟已等于牛马了。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oxen and horses; beasts of burden"
],
"id": "en-牛馬-zh-noun-oQ5vN~WC",
"links": [
[
"oxen",
"oxen"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"beasts of burden",
"beast of burden"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 12 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 11 43 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《文明小史》第四六回",
"roman": "Zhí yào shǐ Zhōngguó sì wànwàn bǎixìng, yī gègè dōu pín wú lìzhuīzhīdì, ránhòu fúfútiētiē de zuò tāmen de niúmǎ, zuò tāmen núlì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "直要使中國四萬萬百姓，一個個都貧無立錐之地，然後服服貼貼的做他們的牛馬，做他們奴隸。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《文明小史》第四六回",
"roman": "Zhí yào shǐ Zhōngguó sì wànwàn bǎixìng, yī gègè dōu pín wú lìzhuīzhīdì, ránhòu fúfútiētiē de zuò tāmen de niúmǎ, zuò tāmen núlì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "直要使中国四万万百姓，一个个都贫无立锥之地，然后服服贴贴的做他们的牛马，做他们奴隶。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": "2023 August 23, “中國西安當局七夕節向民眾群發「催生」短信 遭網友奚落”, in BBC News:",
"roman": "Háiyǒu wǎngyǒu xiě dào: “Gēngxù niúmǎ xuèmài, gòng dān jiǔcài zhòngrèn.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "還有網友寫道：「賡續牛馬血脈，共擔韭菜重任。」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": "2023 August 23, “中國西安當局七夕節向民眾群發「催生」短信 遭網友奚落”, in BBC News:",
"roman": "Háiyǒu wǎngyǒu xiě dào: “Gēngxù niúmǎ xuèmài, gòng dān jiǔcài zhòngrèn.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "还有网友写道：「赓续牛马血脉，共担韭菜重任。」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a person who is enslaved and driven by others"
],
"id": "en-牛馬-zh-noun-104zpzzQ",
"links": [
[
"enslaved",
"enslaved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) a person who is enslaved and driven by others"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "niúmǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ню-ма"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ni͡u-ma"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngau⁴ maa⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "niúmǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nióumǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "niu²-ma³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nyóu-mǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nioumaa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "нюма"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "njuma"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/niou²⁴ ma⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngàuh máh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngau⁴ maa⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngeo⁴ ma⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "gu'bea"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu¹³⁻²² bɛ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niou²⁴ ma⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu¹³⁻²² bɛ⁵³/"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きゅうば'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 牛馬 /牛马 (ngjuw mæ^X, literally “ox + horse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛馬",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"ぎゅう"
],
[
"馬",
"ば"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gyūba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "giuba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎうば",
"roman": "giuba",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぎゅうば",
"hhira": "ぎうば"
},
"expansion": "牛(ぎゅう)馬(ば) • (gyūba) ^(←ぎうば (giuba)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 12 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 11 43 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Horses",
"orig": "ja:Horses",
"parents": [
"Equids",
"Livestock",
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oxen and horses, beasts of burden"
],
"id": "en-牛馬-ja-noun-X64-Iwup",
"links": [
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"beasts of burden",
"beast of burden"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぎゅうば"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲɨːba̠]"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "牛",
"3": "馬",
"sort": "うしうま",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "horse",
"tr1": "ushi",
"tr2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "牛 (ushi, “ox”) + 馬 (uma, “horse”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 牛 (ushi, “ox”) + 馬 (uma, “horse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛馬",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"うし"
],
[
"馬",
"うま"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ushiuma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うしうま"
},
"expansion": "牛(うし)馬(うま) • (ushiuma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a small breed of horse, extinct since 1947"
],
"id": "en-牛馬-ja-noun-e0H4WS0K",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"extinct",
"extinct"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うしうま"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ɕiɯ̟ma̠]"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 牛",
"Chinese terms spelled with 馬",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Horses"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛马",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "牛馬",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are tyrannical powers that “do not treat people as humans,” and not only as less than human, but even as inferior to livestock, as simply worthless things; once people begin to envy livestock and to heave sighs about how “people living in chaos are not as well off as dogs living in peace,” the eventual result is that people are valued more or less as livestock. It’s like the law in the Yuan dynasty that required the compensation of an ox when one killed someone else’s slave; at this point, people quite willingly submit and celebrate this as an age of peace and prosperity. Why so? Because although they are no longer considered human, they are at least considered as equals to livestock.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 April 29, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), Jottings under Lamplight (《燈下漫筆》), translated by Theodore Huters",
"roman": "Yǒu yīzhǒng bàolì, jiāng rén bùdāng rén, bùdàn bùdāng rén, hái bùjí niúmǎ, bùsuàn shénme dōngxi; dài dào rénmen xiànmù niúmǎ, fāshēng “luànlí rén, bùjí tàipíng quǎn” de tànxī de shíhòu, ránhòu jǐyǔ tā lüè děngyú niúmǎ de jiàgé, yǒurú Yuáncháo dìnglǜ, dǎsǐ biérén de núlì, péi yītóu niú, zé rénmen biàn yào xīnyuèchéngfú, gōng sòng tàipíng de shèngshì. Wèishénme ne? Yīnwèi tā suī bùsuàn rén, jiūjìng yǐ děngyú niúmǎ le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有一種暴力，將人不當人，不但不當人，還不及牛馬，不算什麼東西；待到人們羡慕牛馬，發生“亂離人，不及太平犬”的嘆息的時候，然後給與他略等于牛馬的價格，有如元朝定律，打死別人的奴隸，賠一頭牛，則人們便要心悅誠服，恭頌太平的盛世。為什麼呢？因為他雖不算人，究竟已等於牛馬了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "There are tyrannical powers that “do not treat people as humans,” and not only as less than human, but even as inferior to livestock, as simply worthless things; once people begin to envy livestock and to heave sighs about how “people living in chaos are not as well off as dogs living in peace,” the eventual result is that people are valued more or less as livestock. It’s like the law in the Yuan dynasty that required the compensation of an ox when one killed someone else’s slave; at this point, people quite willingly submit and celebrate this as an age of peace and prosperity. Why so? Because although they are no longer considered human, they are at least considered as equals to livestock.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1925 April 29, 魯迅 (Lu Xun), Jottings under Lamplight (《燈下漫筆》), translated by Theodore Huters",
"roman": "Yǒu yīzhǒng bàolì, jiāng rén bùdāng rén, bùdàn bùdāng rén, hái bùjí niúmǎ, bùsuàn shénme dōngxi; dài dào rénmen xiànmù niúmǎ, fāshēng “luànlí rén, bùjí tàipíng quǎn” de tànxī de shíhòu, ránhòu jǐyǔ tā lüè děngyú niúmǎ de jiàgé, yǒurú Yuáncháo dìnglǜ, dǎsǐ biérén de núlì, péi yītóu niú, zé rénmen biàn yào xīnyuèchéngfú, gōng sòng tàipíng de shèngshì. Wèishénme ne? Yīnwèi tā suī bùsuàn rén, jiūjìng yǐ děngyú niúmǎ le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "有一种暴力，将人不当人，不但不当人，还不及牛马，不算什么东西；待到人们羡慕牛马，发生“乱离人，不及太平犬”的叹息的时候，然后给与他略等于牛马的价格，有如元朝定律，打死别人的奴隶，赔一头牛，则人们便要心悦诚服，恭颂太平的盛世。为什么呢？因为他虽不算人，究竟已等于牛马了。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oxen and horses; beasts of burden"
],
"links": [
[
"oxen",
"oxen"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"beasts of burden",
"beast of burden"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《文明小史》第四六回",
"roman": "Zhí yào shǐ Zhōngguó sì wànwàn bǎixìng, yī gègè dōu pín wú lìzhuīzhīdì, ránhòu fúfútiētiē de zuò tāmen de niúmǎ, zuò tāmen núlì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "直要使中國四萬萬百姓，一個個都貧無立錐之地，然後服服貼貼的做他們的牛馬，做他們奴隸。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Written Vernacular Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 《文明小史》第四六回",
"roman": "Zhí yào shǐ Zhōngguó sì wànwàn bǎixìng, yī gègè dōu pín wú lìzhuīzhīdì, ránhòu fúfútiētiē de zuò tāmen de niúmǎ, zuò tāmen núlì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "直要使中国四万万百姓，一个个都贫无立锥之地，然后服服贴贴的做他们的牛马，做他们奴隶。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": "2023 August 23, “中國西安當局七夕節向民眾群發「催生」短信 遭網友奚落”, in BBC News:",
"roman": "Háiyǒu wǎngyǒu xiě dào: “Gēngxù niúmǎ xuèmài, gòng dān jiǔcài zhòngrèn.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "還有網友寫道：「賡續牛馬血脈，共擔韭菜重任。」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": "2023 August 23, “中國西安當局七夕節向民眾群發「催生」短信 遭網友奚落”, in BBC News:",
"roman": "Háiyǒu wǎngyǒu xiě dào: “Gēngxù niúmǎ xuèmài, gòng dān jiǔcài zhòngrèn.”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "还有网友写道：「赓续牛马血脉，共担韭菜重任。」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a person who is enslaved and driven by others"
],
"links": [
[
"enslaved",
"enslaved"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) a person who is enslaved and driven by others"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "niúmǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ню-ма"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ni͡u-ma"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngau⁴ maa⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "niúmǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄋㄧㄡˊ ㄇㄚˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "nióumǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "niu²-ma³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "nyóu-mǎ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nioumaa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "нюма"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "njuma"
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/niou²⁴ ma⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngàuh máh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngau⁴ maa⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngeo⁴ ma⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bé"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "gu'bea"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gû-bée"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu¹³⁻²² bɛ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ni̯oʊ̯³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
},
{
"ipa": "/niou²⁴ ma⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋɐu̯²¹ maː¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻¹¹ be⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²⁴⁻²² be⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu²³⁻³³ be⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu¹³⁻²² bɛ⁵³/"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Horses"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きゅうば'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 牛馬 /牛马 (ngjuw mæ^X, literally “ox + horse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛馬",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"ぎゅう"
],
[
"馬",
"ば"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gyūba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "giuba",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ぎうば",
"roman": "giuba",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぎゅうば",
"hhira": "ぎうば"
},
"expansion": "牛(ぎゅう)馬(ば) • (gyūba) ^(←ぎうば (giuba)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oxen and horses, beasts of burden"
],
"links": [
[
"ox",
"ox"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"beasts of burden",
"beast of burden"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ぎゅうば"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʲɨːba̠]"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Horses"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "牛",
"3": "馬",
"sort": "うしうま",
"t1": "ox",
"t2": "horse",
"tr1": "ushi",
"tr2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "牛 (ushi, “ox”) + 馬 (uma, “horse”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 牛 (ushi, “ox”) + 馬 (uma, “horse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "牛馬",
"ruby": [
[
"牛",
"うし"
],
[
"馬",
"うま"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ushiuma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うしうま"
},
"expansion": "牛(うし)馬(うま) • (ushiuma)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a small breed of horse, extinct since 1947"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"breed",
"breed"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"extinct",
"extinct"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うしうま"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ɕiɯ̟ma̠]"
}
],
"word": "牛馬"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 牛馬 meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
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"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"牛馬"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"牛馬"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"牛馬"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"牛馬"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"牛馬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"牛馬"
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"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
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{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"牛馬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "牛馬",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.